SHOT TOWER - Revision history

Randylyon at 21:23, 1 July 2025

2025-07-01T21:23:54Z

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	[[Category: Landmarks]]		[[Category: Landmarks]]
	[[Category: Postcards]]		[[Category: Postcards]]
			[[Category: Historical Marker]]

Randylyon at 02:07, 16 January 2023

2023-01-16T02:07:43Z

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	A mysterious notice appeared in the ''Dubuque Herald'' on January 30, 1874 advising people to watch the shot tower for "equine statuary." (29) The statue turned out to be Andrew Jackson on horseback, a figure which had stood for years on the property of Tom Cavanaugh in Dubuque. (30) The statue was placed on the tower by [[DEERY, John\|John DEERY]] on January 31, 1874 and was not removed until 1881. (31)		A mysterious notice appeared in the ''Dubuque Herald'' on January 30, 1874 advising people to watch the shot tower for "equine statuary." (29) The statue turned out to be Andrew Jackson on horseback, a figure which had stood for years on the property of Tom Cavanaugh in Dubuque. (30) The statue was placed on the tower by [[DEERY, John\|John DEERY]] on January 31, 1874 and was not removed until 1881. (31)

	On July 4, 1874 Tom Collins attempted a well-publicized jump from the top of the tower into the [[MISSISSIPPI RIVER]]. He never surfaced and what were reported to be his remains were received two days later in a metallic coffin from Davenport. Friends of the deceased could view his remains in the ~~[[ATHENEUM BUILDING]]~~. (32)		On July 4, 1874 Tom Collins attempted a well-publicized jump from the top of the tower into the [[MISSISSIPPI RIVER]]. He never surfaced and what were reported to be his remains were received two days later in a metallic coffin from Davenport. Friends of the deceased could view his remains in the Antheneum Building. (32)

	Around January of 1878 fire struck the shot tower. In its reconstruction by the Flick brothers, the facilities for the manufacture of shot were doubled. (33)		Around January of 1878 fire struck the shot tower. In its reconstruction by the Flick brothers, the facilities for the manufacture of shot were doubled. (33)

Randylyon at 02:05, 16 January 2023

2023-01-16T02:05:46Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 02:05, 16 January 2023
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	A mysterious notice appeared in the ''Dubuque Herald'' on January 30, 1874 advising people to watch the shot tower for "equine statuary." (29) The statue turned out to be Andrew Jackson on horseback, a figure which had stood for years on the property of Tom Cavanaugh in Dubuque. (30) The statue was placed on the tower by [[DEERY, John\|John DEERY]] on January 31, 1874 and was not removed until 1881. (31)		A mysterious notice appeared in the ''Dubuque Herald'' on January 30, 1874 advising people to watch the shot tower for "equine statuary." (29) The statue turned out to be Andrew Jackson on horseback, a figure which had stood for years on the property of Tom Cavanaugh in Dubuque. (30) The statue was placed on the tower by [[DEERY, John\|John DEERY]] on January 31, 1874 and was not removed until 1881. (31)

	On July 4, 1874 Tom Collins attempted a well-publicized jump from the top of the tower into the [[MISSISSIPPI RIVER]]. He never surfaced and what were reported to be his remains were received two days later in a metallic coffin from Davenport. Friends of the deceased could view his remains in the ~~Atheneum Building~~. (32)		On July 4, 1874 Tom Collins attempted a well-publicized jump from the top of the tower into the [[MISSISSIPPI RIVER]]. He never surfaced and what were reported to be his remains were received two days later in a metallic coffin from Davenport. Friends of the deceased could view his remains in the [[ATHENEUM BUILDING]]. (32)

	Around January of 1878 fire struck the shot tower. In its reconstruction by the Flick brothers, the facilities for the manufacture of shot were doubled. (33)		Around January of 1878 fire struck the shot tower. In its reconstruction by the Flick brothers, the facilities for the manufacture of shot were doubled. (33)

	On May 11, 1881 Chadbourne and Forster sold the property to C. J. Lesure for $425.00. Lesure removed the statue of Jackson ~~and along~~ with [[DAY, William Harrison Sr.\|William Harrison DAY, Sr.]] and the Empire Lumber Company of Eau Claire, Wisconsin incorporated the [[STANDARD LUMBER COMPANY]]. Standard Lumber acquired the Shot Tower property on June 24, 1881 from Lesure for $600.00 which included the tower and six lots. (34)		On May 11, 1881 Chadbourne and Forster sold the property to C. J. Lesure for $425.00. Lesure removed the statue of Jackson. Along with [[DAY, William Harrison Sr.\|William Harrison DAY, Sr.]] and the Empire Lumber Company of Eau Claire, Wisconsin incorporated the [[STANDARD LUMBER COMPANY]]. Standard Lumber acquired the Shot Tower property on June 24, 1881 from Lesure for $600.00 which included the tower and six lots. (34)

	The [[STANDARD LUMBER COMPANY]] used the tower, equipped with an interior staircase and glass-enclosed shelter on the top, to safeguard up to seven blocks of lumber. (35)		The [[STANDARD LUMBER COMPANY]] used the tower, equipped with an interior staircase and glass-enclosed shelter on the top, to safeguard up to seven blocks of lumber. (35)

Randylyon at 18:38, 5 May 2021

2021-05-05T18:38:08Z

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	[[Image:shot.jpg\|left\|thumb\|150px\|Joseph Pickett's bicentennial project was producing shot. Photo courtesy: Bob Reding]]In 1976 the Shot Tower was listed on the [[NATIONAL REGISTER OF HISTORIC PLACES]] by [[MERCER, Helen\|Helen MERCER]]. (53) The tower was again used for shot production the same year by [[PICKETT, Joseph Sr.\|Joseph PICKETT, Sr.]] With a scaffolding supplied free by [[JACKSON TUCK POINTING COMPANY INC.]], Pickett aided by Dr. Richard Vermeer produced 1,000 bottles of shot as a fund raising project for the Dubuque County Historical Society. (54)		[[Image:shot.jpg\|left\|thumb\|150px\|Joseph Pickett's bicentennial project was producing shot. Photo courtesy: Bob Reding]]In 1976 the Shot Tower was listed on the [[NATIONAL REGISTER OF HISTORIC PLACES]] by [[MERCER, Helen\|Helen MERCER]]. (53) The tower was again used for shot production the same year by [[PICKETT, Joseph Sr.\|Joseph PICKETT, Sr.]] With a scaffolding supplied free by [[JACKSON TUCK POINTING COMPANY INC.]], Pickett aided by Dr. Richard Vermeer produced 1,000 bottles of shot as a fund raising project for the Dubuque County Historical Society. (54)

	In ~~1987 the Shot Tower rose between Pillsbury Company grain terminal and the raised tracks of the Chicago~~, ~~Central and Pacific Railroad. There was a proposal to move the tower. The City Council had removed tuck-pointing~~ the ~~structure, a cost of~~ $~~27,000~~, from the ~~capital improvements~~ budget. The ~~Jaycees were considering it for a spruce-up project~~. (55)		In November, 1986 the city council cut $25,500 from the budget for tuckpointing the tower after the local option sales tax option was defeated. The tuckpointing proposal was moved to 1991. (55)

	~~A railroad car jumped~~ the tracks ~~on November 15, 1992; hit the tower; and caused between $5,000 to $10,000 in damage which was billed to~~ the Chicago, Central and Pacific. ~~(56) Following~~ the ~~accident~~, ~~an editorial in the ''Telegraph Herald'' called for efforts to make the area around~~ the ~~tower more attractive and convenient~~ for ~~visitors. The possibilities of needing~~ a ~~public~~-~~private partnership similar to the clock tower~~ project ~~or the effort in 1959 were suggested~~. (57)		In 1987 the Shot Tower rose between Pillsbury Company grain terminal and the raised tracks of the Chicago, Central and Pacific Railroad. Although there was a proposal to move the tower, the Jaycees considering it for a spruce-up project. (56)

	~~In 1996 officials again suggested that~~ the tower ~~should be moved~~. (58) ~~The idea had originally been proposed~~ in ~~1986 in a market and development study by~~ the ~~University of Wisconsin conducted~~ for the ~~[[GREATER DUBUQUE DEVELOPMENT CORPORATION]]. (59) For the safety of visitors, a consultant suggested disassembling~~ the tower and ~~rebuilding it just south of the [[DUBUQUE STAR BREWING COMPANY]] as part of the proposed river walk project~~. ~~In addition to the unknown cost~~ of ~~moving the tower, concerns were raised as~~ to ~~whether the relocation would cause~~ the tower ~~to lose its listing on~~ the ~~[[NATIONAL REGISTER OF HISTORIC PLACES]]. (60) Any thought of moving the tower was dismissed~~ in ~~July 1997 when the city staff and advisory commissions recommended and the city council unanimously approved placing the river walk on top of the flood wall and not along Bell Street~~. (61)		A railroad car jumped the tracks on November 15, 1992; hit the tower; and caused between $5,000 to $10,000 in damage which was billed to the Chicago, Central and Pacific. (57) Following the accident, an editorial in the ''Telegraph Herald'' called for efforts to make the area around the tower more attractive and convenient for visitors. The possibilities of needing a public-private partnership similar to the clock tower project or the effort in 1959 were suggested. (58)

	~~Restoration of~~ the ~~Shot Tower became feasible in 2003~~. The ~~City~~ of ~~Dubuque Planning Services Department received a $100,000 Historic Sites Preservation Grant~~ for ~~Phase I of the project from~~ the ~~State Historical Society of Iowa~~. (62) ~~The Dubuque City Council had budgeted $200~~,~~000 for rehabilitation~~ as part of the ~~Vision Iowa application. (63)~~. ~~The entire project was estimated~~ to cost ~~$500.000~~. (64) ~~Phase I would stabilize~~ the ~~deterioration of~~ the ~~building at an estimated cost~~ of ~~$225,000. Phase II would include~~ the ~~construction of a non-combustible stairway to an observation platform at a project cost of $275,000~~. (65)		In 1996 officials again suggested that the tower should be moved. (59) The idea had originally been proposed in 1986 in a market and development study by the University of Wisconsin conducted for the [[GREATER DUBUQUE DEVELOPMENT CORPORATION]]. (60) For the safety of visitors, a consultant suggested disassembling the tower and rebuilding it just south of the [[DUBUQUE STAR BREWING COMPANY]] as part of the proposed river walk project. In addition to the unknown cost of moving the tower, concerns were raised as to whether the relocation would cause the tower to lose its listing on the [[NATIONAL REGISTER OF HISTORIC PLACES]]. (61) Any thought of moving the tower was dismissed in July 1997 when the city staff and advisory commissions recommended and the city council unanimously approved placing the river walk on top of the flood wall and not along Bell Street. (62)

	In 2004 the City of Dubuque received a Save America's Treasures grant of $295,000 from the federal government for restoration of the tower. (66) The grant would be used to correct structural problems of the tower and provide an opportunity for interpretation. (67) The City of Dubuque and the State Historical Society would provide matching funds. (68)		Restoration of the Shot Tower became feasible in 2003. The City of Dubuque Planning Services Department received a $100,000 Historic Sites Preservation Grant for Phase I of the project from the State Historical Society of Iowa. (63) The Dubuque City Council had budgeted $200,000 for rehabilitation as part of the Vision Iowa application. (64). The entire project was estimated to cost $500.000. (65) Phase I would stabilize the deterioration of the building at an estimated cost of $225,000. Phase II would include the construction of a non-combustible stairway to an observation platform at a project cost of $275,000. (66)

			In 2004 the City of Dubuque received a Save America's Treasures grant of $295,000 from the federal government for restoration of the tower. (67) The grant would be used to correct structural problems of the tower and provide an opportunity for interpretation. (68) The City of Dubuque and the State Historical Society would provide matching funds. (69)

	[[Image:shottower.jpg\|left\|thumb\|250px\|]]		[[Image:shottower.jpg\|left\|thumb\|250px\|]]

	[[Image:shottowerZ.png\|left\|thumb\|450px\|]] In 2020 the Shot Tower was involved in one of the creative design promotions of McCullough Creative for [[KEYLINE]]. There was no Tilt the Tower campaign going on in Dubuque, but the audacious nature of the graphic was sure to catch the eye of drivers at the low cost of approximately $4 per 1,000 viewers. (69)		[[Image:shottowerZ.png\|left\|thumb\|450px\|]] In 2020 the Shot Tower was involved in one of the creative design promotions of McCullough Creative for [[KEYLINE]]. There was no Tilt the Tower campaign going on in Dubuque, but the audacious nature of the graphic was sure to catch the eye of drivers at the low cost of approximately $4 per 1,000 viewers. (70)


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	54. Ibid.		54. Ibid.

	55. ~~" 'S O S Fund at $6,000," ''Telegraph Herald'', Jan. 1, 1960, p. 12. Online: http://news.google.com/newspapers?id=gItFAAAAIBAJ&sjid=57wMAAAAIBAJ&pg=3060,139664&dq=sos+campaign+dubuque&hl=en~~		55. Kirchen

	56. ~~Arnold~~, ~~Bill. "Longshot~~," ''Telegraph Herald'', ~~April 6~~, ~~1992~~, p. 1. Online: ~~https~~://news.google.com/newspapers?~~nid~~=~~aEyKTaVlRPYC~~&~~dat~~=~~19920406~~&~~printsec~~=~~frontpage~~&hl=en		56. " 'S O S Fund at $6,000," ''Telegraph Herald'', Jan. 1, 1960, p. 12. Online: http://news.google.com/newspapers?id=gItFAAAAIBAJ&sjid=57wMAAAAIBAJ&pg=3060,139664&dq=sos+campaign+dubuque&hl=en

	57. "~~Shot Tower--Time to Tap Its Tourism Potential~~," ~~(editorial),~~ ''Telegraph Herald'', April 10, 1992, p. 4. Online: ~~http~~://news.google.com/newspapers?~~id=E2NFAAAAIBAJ&sjid~~=~~K7wMAAAAIBAJ~~&pg=~~6427,2159846~~&dq=~~shot+tower+dubuque~~&hl=en		57. Arnold, Bill. "Longshot," ''Telegraph Herald'', April 6, 1992, p. 1. Online: https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=aEyKTaVlRPYC&dat=19920406&printsec=frontpage&hl=en

	58~~. McDermott, Brad~~. "Shot ~~Spot~~," ''Telegraph Herald'', ~~August 22~~, ~~1996~~, p. 1. Online: http://news.google.com/newspapers?id=~~IvBQAAAAIBAJ~~&sjid=~~ursMAAAAIBAJ~~&pg=~~5295~~,~~4046499~~&dq=shot+~~manufacturing~~+dubuque&hl=en		58. "Shot Tower--Time to Tap Its Tourism Potential," (editorial), ''Telegraph Herald'', April 10, 1992, p. 4. Online: http://news.google.com/newspapers?id=E2NFAAAAIBAJ&sjid=K7wMAAAAIBAJ&pg=6427,2159846&dq=shot+tower+dubuque&hl=en

	59. ~~Kirchen~~		59. McDermott, Brad. "Shot Spot," ''Telegraph Herald'', August 22, 1996, p. 1. Online: http://news.google.com/newspapers?id=IvBQAAAAIBAJ&sjid=ursMAAAAIBAJ&pg=5295,4046499&dq=shot+manufacturing+dubuque&hl=en

	60. ~~Ibid.~~		60. Kirchen

	61. ~~McDermott, Brad~~. ~~"No Movement on Shot Tower; It Stays Put," ''Telegraph Herald'', September 27, 1997, p. 1. Online: https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=aEyKTaVlRPYC&dat=19970927&printsec=frontpage&hl=en~~		61. Ibid.

	62. "Shot Tower ~~Project Receives Grant~~," ''Telegraph Herald'', ~~December 11~~, ~~2003~~, p. 3. Online: ~~http~~://news.google.com/newspapers?id=~~_JNdAAAAIBAJ~~&~~sjid~~=~~llwNAAAAIBAJ&pg=3839,1983895~~&dq=~~shot+tower+dubuque~~&hl=en		62. McDermott, Brad. "No Movement on Shot Tower; It Stays Put," ''Telegraph Herald'', September 27, 1997, p. 1. Online: https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=aEyKTaVlRPYC&dat=19970927&printsec=frontpage&hl=en

	63. ~~Ibid~~.		63. "Shot Tower Project Receives Grant," ''Telegraph Herald'', December 11, 2003, p. 3. Online: http://news.google.com/newspapers?id=_JNdAAAAIBAJ&sjid=llwNAAAAIBAJ&pg=3839,1983895&dq=shot+tower+dubuque&hl=en

	64. Ibid.		64. Ibid.
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	65. Ibid.		65. Ibid.

	66. ~~Szeszycki, Emily~~. ~~"Grant to Aid Shot Tower," ''Telegraph Herald'', Oct. 22, 2004, p. 1. Online: http://news.google.com/newspapers?id=RJ1dAAAAIBAJ&sjid=0VwNAAAAIBAJ&pg=2280,4588394&dq=shot+tower+dubuque&hl=en~~		66. Ibid.

	67. ~~Ibid~~.		67. Szeszycki, Emily. "Grant to Aid Shot Tower," ''Telegraph Herald'', Oct. 22, 2004, p. 1. Online: http://news.google.com/newspapers?id=RJ1dAAAAIBAJ&sjid=0VwNAAAAIBAJ&pg=2280,4588394&dq=shot+tower+dubuque&hl=en

	68. Ibid.		68. Ibid.

	69. City Of Dubuque – Bus Advertising - McCullough Creative. ONLINE: www.shootforthemoon.com		69. Ibid.

			70. City Of Dubuque – Bus Advertising - McCullough Creative. ONLINE: www.shootforthemoon.com

Randylyon at 20:30, 31 March 2021

2021-03-31T20:30:47Z

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	[[Image:shottower.jpg\|left\|thumb\|250px\|]]		[[Image:shottower.jpg\|left\|thumb\|250px\|]]

	[[Image:shottowerZ.png\|left\|thumb\|~~250px~~\|]] In 2020 the Shot Tower was involved in one of the creative design promotions of McCullough Creative for [[KEYLINE]]. There was no Tilt the Tower campaign going on in Dubuque, but the audacious nature of the graphic was sure to catch the eye of drivers at the low cost of approximately $4 per 1,000 viewers. (69)		[[Image:shottowerZ.png\|left\|thumb\|450px\|]] In 2020 the Shot Tower was involved in one of the creative design promotions of McCullough Creative for [[KEYLINE]]. There was no Tilt the Tower campaign going on in Dubuque, but the audacious nature of the graphic was sure to catch the eye of drivers at the low cost of approximately $4 per 1,000 viewers. (69)

Randylyon at 20:30, 31 March 2021

2021-03-31T20:30:23Z

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	[[Image:shottower.jpg\|left\|thumb\|250px\|]]		[[Image:shottower.jpg\|left\|thumb\|250px\|]]

	[[Image:shottowerZ.~~jpg~~\|left\|thumb\|250px\|]] In 2020 the Shot Tower was involved in one of the creative design promotions of McCullough Creative for [[KEYLINE]]. There was no Tilt the Tower campaign going on in Dubuque, but the audacious nature of the graphic was sure to catch the eye of drivers at the low cost of approximately $4 per 1,000 viewers. (69)		[[Image:shottowerZ.png\|left\|thumb\|250px\|]] In 2020 the Shot Tower was involved in one of the creative design promotions of McCullough Creative for [[KEYLINE]]. There was no Tilt the Tower campaign going on in Dubuque, but the audacious nature of the graphic was sure to catch the eye of drivers at the low cost of approximately $4 per 1,000 viewers. (69)

Randylyon at 20:28, 31 March 2021

2021-03-31T20:28:44Z

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	[[Image:shottower.jpg\|left\|thumb\|250px\|]]		[[Image:shottower.jpg\|left\|thumb\|250px\|]]

			[[Image:shottowerZ.jpg\|left\|thumb\|250px\|]] In 2020 the Shot Tower was involved in one of the creative design promotions of McCullough Creative for [[KEYLINE]]. There was no Tilt the Tower campaign going on in Dubuque, but the audacious nature of the graphic was sure to catch the eye of drivers at the low cost of approximately $4 per 1,000 viewers. (69)




	NOTE: For a video on the archaeological excavation and the renovation, see: http://cityofdubuque.granicus.com/MediaPlayer.php?view_id=3&clip_id=2687 produced by the City of Dubuque.		NOTE: For a video on the archaeological excavation and the renovation, see: http://cityofdubuque.granicus.com/MediaPlayer.php?view_id=3&clip_id=2687 produced by the City of Dubuque.
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	68. Ibid.		68. Ibid.

			69. City Of Dubuque – Bus Advertising - McCullough Creative. ONLINE: www.shootforthemoon.com

Randylyon at 19:19, 9 February 2021

2021-02-09T19:19:29Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 19:19, 9 February 2021
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	A railroad car jumped the tracks on November 15, 1992; hit the tower; and caused between $5,000 to $10,000 in damage which was billed to the Chicago, Central and Pacific. (56) Following the accident, an editorial in the ''Telegraph Herald'' called for efforts to make the area around the tower more attractive and convenient for visitors. The possibilities of needing a public-private partnership similar to the clock tower project or the effort in 1959 were suggested. (57)		A railroad car jumped the tracks on November 15, 1992; hit the tower; and caused between $5,000 to $10,000 in damage which was billed to the Chicago, Central and Pacific. (56) Following the accident, an editorial in the ''Telegraph Herald'' called for efforts to make the area around the tower more attractive and convenient for visitors. The possibilities of needing a public-private partnership similar to the clock tower project or the effort in 1959 were suggested. (57)

	In 1996 officials again suggested that the tower should be moved. (58) The idea had originally been proposed in 1986 in a market and development study by the University of Wisconsin conducted for the [[GREATER DUBUQUE DEVELOPMENT ~~COMMITTEE~~]]. (59) For the safety of visitors, a consultant suggested disassembling the tower and rebuilding it just south of the [[DUBUQUE STAR BREWING COMPANY]] as part of the proposed river walk project. In addition to the unknown cost of moving the tower, concerns were raised as to whether the relocation would cause the tower to lose its listing on the [[NATIONAL REGISTER OF HISTORIC PLACES]]. (60) Any thought of moving the tower was dismissed in July 1997 when the city staff and advisory commissions recommended and the city council unanimously approved placing the river walk on top of the flood wall and not along Bell Street. (61)		In 1996 officials again suggested that the tower should be moved. (58) The idea had originally been proposed in 1986 in a market and development study by the University of Wisconsin conducted for the [[GREATER DUBUQUE DEVELOPMENT CORPORATION]]. (59) For the safety of visitors, a consultant suggested disassembling the tower and rebuilding it just south of the [[DUBUQUE STAR BREWING COMPANY]] as part of the proposed river walk project. In addition to the unknown cost of moving the tower, concerns were raised as to whether the relocation would cause the tower to lose its listing on the [[NATIONAL REGISTER OF HISTORIC PLACES]]. (60) Any thought of moving the tower was dismissed in July 1997 when the city staff and advisory commissions recommended and the city council unanimously approved placing the river walk on top of the flood wall and not along Bell Street. (61)

	Restoration of the Shot Tower became feasible in 2003. The City of Dubuque Planning Services Department received a $100,000 Historic Sites Preservation Grant for Phase I of the project from the State Historical Society of Iowa. (62) The Dubuque City Council had budgeted $200,000 for rehabilitation as part of the Vision Iowa application. (63). The entire project was estimated to cost $500.000. (64) Phase I would stabilize the deterioration of the building at an estimated cost of $225,000. Phase II would include the construction of a non-combustible stairway to an observation platform at a project cost of $275,000. (65)		Restoration of the Shot Tower became feasible in 2003. The City of Dubuque Planning Services Department received a $100,000 Historic Sites Preservation Grant for Phase I of the project from the State Historical Society of Iowa. (62) The Dubuque City Council had budgeted $200,000 for rehabilitation as part of the Vision Iowa application. (63). The entire project was estimated to cost $500.000. (64) Phase I would stabilize the deterioration of the building at an estimated cost of $225,000. Phase II would include the construction of a non-combustible stairway to an observation platform at a project cost of $275,000. (65)

Randylyon at 19:17, 9 February 2021

2021-02-09T19:17:50Z

Show changes

Randylyon at 16:49, 9 February 2021

2021-02-09T16:49:57Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 16:49, 9 February 2021
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	[[Image:watchtower.jpg\|left\|thumb\|200px\|After the [[CIVIL WAR]], the shot tower had an observatory built on top so that the building could be used as a watch tower. ]]SHOT TOWER. The process of producing lead [[SHOT]] with a tower for military or individual ammunition was patented by William Watts on September 28, 1782. (1) ~~Lead~~ was ~~heated until molten~~ and then dropped through a copper sieve high in the tower. The liquid lead solidified as it fell and by surface tension formed tiny spheres. The partially cooled balls were caught at the floor of the tower in a water-filled basin. The fully cooled balls were checked for roundness and sorted by size; those that are "out of round" were remelted. A slightly inclined table was used for checking roundness. To make larger shot sizes, a copper sieve with larger holes was used. The maximum size was limited by the height of the tower; larger shot sizes must fall farther to cool. (2)		[[Image:watchtower.jpg\|left\|thumb\|200px\|After the [[CIVIL WAR]], the shot tower had an observatory built on top so that the building could be used as a watch tower. ]]SHOT TOWER. The process of producing lead [[SHOT]] with a tower for military or individual ammunition was patented by William Watts on September 28, 1782. (1) [[LEAD]] was melted and then dropped through a copper sieve high in the tower. The liquid lead solidified as it fell and by surface tension formed tiny spheres. The partially cooled balls were caught at the floor of the tower in a water-filled basin. The fully cooled balls were checked for roundness and sorted by size; those that are "out of round" were remelted. A slightly inclined table was used for checking roundness. To make larger shot sizes, a copper sieve with larger holes was used. The maximum size was limited by the height of the tower; larger shot sizes must fall farther to cool. (2)

	[[Image:stpp.jpg\|left\|thumb\|250px\|Image courtesy: Joe Schallan]]		[[Image:stpp.jpg\|left\|thumb\|250px\|Image courtesy: Joe Schallan]]
	The shot tower of George W. Rogers & Co. stood on an extension of Seventh street. Rising to a height of about 150 feet — 142 feet of stone and 42 of brick, the tower's base was 18 feet 10 inches. At the base walls were three feet thick and twenty inches at the top. The cost of construction by 1856 was $~~7000~~.00 and ~~would rise~~ eventually to $10,000. When completed, the tower could ~~be used to~~ produce from six to eight tons of shot. (3)		The shot tower of George W. Rogers & Co. stood on an extension of Seventh street. Rising to a height of about 150 feet — 142 feet of stone and 42 of brick, the tower's base was 18 feet 10 inches. At the base, walls were three feet thick and twenty inches at the top. The cost of construction by 1856 was $7,000.00 and eventually rose to $10,000. When completed, the tower could produce from six to eight tons of shot. (3)

	As soon as it was built and operating, the tower threatened the monopoly over shot production enjoyed by Chadbourne and Foster of St. Louis, Missouri. The St. Louis company ~~began~~ by cutting their prices and then actually selling below cost. (4) This drove Rogers and Company out of business. The tower was leased to [[TALLMAN, Peleg\|Peleg TALLMAN]] and [[CLARK, William Hyde\|William Hyde CLARK]] for three months before they too quit. (5) For the rest of 1859, the tower was operated by Peter Cook and William Langworthy, two directors of the [[DUBUQUE HARBOR IMPROVEMENT COMPANY]]. The George W. Rogers Company ~~is said to have become~~ Cook, Rogers & Company and later Cook and Langworthy between 1858 and 1859. (6)		As soon as it was built and operating, the tower threatened the monopoly over shot production enjoyed by Chadbourne and Foster of St. Louis, Missouri. The St. Louis company retaliated by cutting their prices and then actually selling shot below cost. (4) This drove Rogers and Company out of business. The tower was leased to [[TALLMAN, Peleg\|Peleg TALLMAN]] and [[CLARK, William Hyde\|William Hyde CLARK]] for three months before they too quit. (5) For the rest of 1859, the tower was operated by Peter Cook and William Langworthy, two directors of the [[DUBUQUE HARBOR IMPROVEMENT COMPANY]]. The George W. Rogers Company became Cook, Rogers & Company and later Cook and Langworthy between 1858 and 1859. (6)

	The tower and the land on which it stood was sold to Gilbert Woodruff of Rockford, Illinois for $1,653 at public auction on March 14, 1860. The following day, he sold the parcel to [[GRAVES, Julius K.\|Julius K. GRAVES]], for only $1,200 suggesting a partnership of some sort had been arranged. (7)		The tower and the land on which it stood was sold to Gilbert Woodruff of Rockford, Illinois for $1,653 at public auction on March 14, 1860. The following day, he sold the parcel to [[GRAVES, Julius K.\|Julius K. GRAVES]], for only $1,200 suggesting a partnership of some sort had been arranged. (7)

	Graves retaliated against Chadbourne and Foster by encouraging buyers to purchase their shot from the St. Louis firm. (8) Since ~~they were~~ selling below their cost of production, this placed a huge financial burden on ~~the St~~. ~~Louis company. His~~ fellow shareholders, however, were not making the profits they expected and ~~were~~ tired of battling the St. Louis company. Graves ~~began buying up~~ their stock for five cents on the dollar. (9)		Graves retaliated against Chadbourne and Foster by encouraging buyers to purchase their shot from the St. Louis firm. (8) Since the St. Louis company was selling below their cost of production, this placed a huge financial burden on them. Graves' fellow shareholders, however, were not making the profits they expected and became tired of battling the St. Louis company. Graves boughtup their stock for five cents on the dollar. (9)

	Flooding had an impact on shot production. The ''Daily Times'' of April 24, 1861 reported:		Flooding had an impact on shot production. The ''Daily Times'' of April 24, 1861 reported:
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	A mysterious notice appeared in the ''Dubuque Herald'' on January 30, 1874 advising people to watch the shot tower for "equine statuary." (31) The statue turned out to be Andrew Jackson on horseback, a figure which had stood for years on the property of Tom Cavanaugh in Dubuque. (32) The statue was placed on the tower by [[DEERY, John\|John DEERY]] on January 31, 1874 and was not removed until 1881. (33)		A mysterious notice appeared in the ''Dubuque Herald'' on January 30, 1874 advising people to watch the shot tower for "equine statuary." (31) The statue turned out to be Andrew Jackson on horseback, a figure which had stood for years on the property of Tom Cavanaugh in Dubuque. (32) The statue was placed on the tower by [[DEERY, John\|John DEERY]] on January 31, 1874 and was not removed until 1881. (33)

	On July 4, 1874 Tom Collins attempted a well-publicized jump from the top of the tower into the [[MISSISSIPPI RIVER]]. He never surfaced and what were reported to be his remains were received two days later in a metallic coffin from Davenport. Friends of the deceased could view his remains in the Atheneum Building. (34) This "Harry Houdini" reappeared from St. Louis in a letter written to the ''Herald''. As reported on July 10th, the letter contained diagrams of pieces of bridge fireworks from the 4th of July as they were to have been executed according to plans that had never been seen. (35) On July 29, 1874 he reappeared in Dubuque to visit a friend. (36)		On July 4, 1874 Tom Collins attempted a well-publicized jump from the top of the tower into the [[MISSISSIPPI RIVER]]. He never surfaced and what were reported to be his remains were received two days later in a metallic coffin from Davenport. Friends of the deceased could view his remains in the Atheneum Building. (34)

	Around January of 1878 fire struck the shot tower. In its reconstruction by the Flick brothers, the facilities for the manufacture of shot were doubled. (37)		Around January of 1878 fire struck the shot tower. In its reconstruction by the Flick brothers, the facilities for the manufacture of shot were doubled. (37)
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	34. "Death of Tom Collins," ''Dubuque Herald'', July 7, 1874, p. 4. Online: https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=uh8FjILnQOkC&dat=18740707&printsec=frontpage&hl=en		34. "Death of Tom Collins," ''Dubuque Herald'', July 7, 1874, p. 4. Online: https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=uh8FjILnQOkC&dat=18740707&printsec=frontpage&hl=en

	~~35. "Caught on the Fly," ''Dubuque Herald'', July 10, 1874, p. 4. Online: https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=uh8FjILnQOkC&dat=18740710&printsec=frontpage&hl=en~~

	~~36. "Caught on the Fly," ''Dubuque Herald'', July 30, 1874, p. 4. Online: https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=uh8FjILnQOkC&dat=18740730&printsec=frontpage&hl=en~~

	37. "Caught on the Fly," ''Dubuque Herald'', January 22, 1878, p. 4. Online: https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=uh8FjILnQOkC&dat=18780122&printsec=frontpage&hl=en		37. "Caught on the Fly," ''Dubuque Herald'', January 22, 1878, p. 4. Online: https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=uh8FjILnQOkC&dat=18780122&printsec=frontpage&hl=en