MCINNERNEY, Thomas Henry - Revision history

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	[[Category: Business Leader]]		[[Category: Business Leader]]
			[[Category: Ancestry]]

Randylyon at 17:24, 26 April 2024

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Randylyon at 21:33, 14 February 2022

2022-02-14T21:33:39Z

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	[[Image:tm2.png\|left\|thumb\|250px\|Testifying before the Monopoly Invesstigating Committee. Photo courtesy: PICRYL]]MCINNERNEY, Thomas Henry. (Dubuque, IA, 1867--1952). McInnerney's father was an associate of [[REYNOLDS, Joseph "Diamond Jo"\|Joseph "Diamond Jo" REYNOLDS]]. McInnerney began work as a cash boy for the [[H. B. GLOVER COMPANY]] at twenty-five cents a day with hours from 7:00 a.m. to 6:00 p.m. Monday through Friday with an additional four hours on Saturday. (1)		Ancestry: https://www.ancestry.com/family-tree/person/tree/2140915/person/24883195664/facts?_phsrc=cbC1464&_phstart=successSource

			[[Image:tm2.png\|left\|thumb\|250px\|Testifying before the Monopoly Invesstigating Committee. Photo courtesy: PICRYL]]MCINNERNEY, Thomas Henry. (Dubuque, IA, May 8, 1867--Greenwich, CN, Sept. 30, 1952). McInnerney's father was an associate of [[REYNOLDS, Joseph "Diamond Jo"\|Joseph "Diamond Jo" REYNOLDS]]. McInnerney began work as a cash boy for the [[H. B. GLOVER COMPANY]] at twenty-five cents a day with hours from 7:00 a.m. to 6:00 p.m. Monday through Friday with an additional four hours on Saturday. (1)

	He studied pharmacy at the University of Illinois in 1893 and borrowed $10,000 to open a drug store at Chicago's 35th Street and Indiana Avenue. He sold the store for $20,000 moved to Manhattan and became the drug department manager of the Siegel, Cooper and Company department store. (2) Informed that the department was not making money, McInnerney said the owner was lying and quit. The following day, the owner called him back in and offered him participation in the department's profits. The first year, he made $4,000 and the second year he earned $16,000. (3)		He studied pharmacy at the University of Illinois in 1893 and borrowed $10,000 to open a drug store at Chicago's 35th Street and Indiana Avenue. He sold the store for $20,000 moved to Manhattan and became the drug department manager of the Siegel, Cooper and Company department store. (2) Informed that the department was not making money, McInnerney said the owner was lying and quit. The following day, the owner called him back in and offered him participation in the department's profits. The first year, he made $4,000 and the second year he earned $16,000. (3)

Randylyon at 22:09, 3 March 2019

2019-03-03T22:09:31Z

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	[[Image:tm2.png\|left\|thumb\|250px\|]]MCINNERNEY, Thomas Henry. (Dubuque, IA, 1867--1952). McInnerney's father was an associate of [[REYNOLDS, Joseph "Diamond Jo"\|Joseph "Diamond Jo" REYNOLDS]]. McInnerney began work as a cash boy for the [[H. B. GLOVER COMPANY]] at twenty-five cents a day with hours from 7:00 a.m. to 6:00 p.m. Monday through Friday with an additional four hours on Saturday. (1)		[[Image:tm2.png\|left\|thumb\|250px\|Testifying before the Monopoly Invesstigating Committee. Photo courtesy: PICRYL]]MCINNERNEY, Thomas Henry. (Dubuque, IA, 1867--1952). McInnerney's father was an associate of [[REYNOLDS, Joseph "Diamond Jo"\|Joseph "Diamond Jo" REYNOLDS]]. McInnerney began work as a cash boy for the [[H. B. GLOVER COMPANY]] at twenty-five cents a day with hours from 7:00 a.m. to 6:00 p.m. Monday through Friday with an additional four hours on Saturday. (1)

	He studied pharmacy at the University of Illinois in 1893 and borrowed $10,000 to open a drug store at Chicago's 35th Street and Indiana Avenue. He sold the store for $20,000 moved to Manhattan and became the drug department manager of the Siegel, Cooper and Company department store. (2) Informed that the department was not making money, McInnerney said the owner was lying and quit. The following day, the owner called him back in and offered him participation in the department's profits. The first year, he made $4,000 and the second year he earned $16,000. (3)		He studied pharmacy at the University of Illinois in 1893 and borrowed $10,000 to open a drug store at Chicago's 35th Street and Indiana Avenue. He sold the store for $20,000 moved to Manhattan and became the drug department manager of the Siegel, Cooper and Company department store. (2) Informed that the department was not making money, McInnerney said the owner was lying and quit. The following day, the owner called him back in and offered him participation in the department's profits. The first year, he made $4,000 and the second year he earned $16,000. (3)

Randylyon at 22:08, 3 March 2019

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	In 1923 McInnerney sold the milk-consolidation idea to the investment firm of Goldman-Sachs, Lehman Brothers, and Tobey and Kirk. (4) The firms underwrote the business for $55 million and the National Dairy Products Corporation was organized in New York City and incorporated in Delaware in December 1923.		In 1923 McInnerney sold the milk-consolidation idea to the investment firm of Goldman-Sachs, Lehman Brothers, and Tobey and Kirk. (4) The firms underwrote the business for $55 million and the National Dairy Products Corporation was organized in New York City and incorporated in Delaware in December 1923.

	It was formed for the purpose of acquiring the common stock of the Rieck-McJunkin Dairy Company of Pittsburgh and the Hydrox Corporation of Chicago, two of the largest manufacturers and distributors of ice cream and dairy products in the United States. Management of the new company was made up of the presidents of both acquired firms: Edward E. Rieck, President of Rieck-McJunkin, who became chairman of National Dairy, and Thomas McInnerney, president of Hydrox, who became president of the new firm.		It was formed for the purpose of acquiring the common stock of the Rieck-McJunkin Dairy Company of Pittsburgh and the Hydrox Corporation of Chicago, two of the largest manufacturers and distributors of ice cream and dairy products in the United States. Management of the new company was made up of the presidents of both acquired firms: Edward E. Rieck, President of Rieck-McJunkin, who became chairman of National Dairy, and Thomas McInnerney, president of Hydrox, who became president of the new firm. (5)

	The business plan included purchasing or constructing a series of plants through the acquisition of existing businesses strategically located throughout the country. Each subsidiary was to retain its own name and personnel. This strategy was expected to require lower inventories, more rapid turnover, and shorter credits.		The business plan included purchasing or constructing a series of plants through the acquisition of existing businesses strategically located throughout the country. Each subsidiary was to retain its own name and personnel. This strategy was expected to require lower inventories, more rapid turnover, and shorter credits. (6)

	Within months, National Dairy began acquiring other companies. In 1925 alone it acquired eighteen similar businesses. By 1926 it owned such well-known dairy firms as Breyer Ice Cream of Philadelphia, Harding Ice Cream of Nashville, and Sheffield Farms of New York. In 1926 National Dairy operated in 1,600 cities and towns in thirteen states from New York to Nebraska. Earnings in 1925 were $4.9 million from sales of $105.3 million.		Within months, National Dairy began acquiring other companies. In 1925 alone it acquired eighteen similar businesses. By 1926 it owned such well-known dairy firms as Breyer Ice Cream of Philadelphia, Harding Ice Cream of Nashville, and Sheffield Farms of New York. In 1926 National Dairy operated in 1,600 cities and towns in thirteen states from New York to Nebraska. Earnings in 1925 were $4.9 million from sales of $105.3 million. (7)

	National Dairy employed approximately 35,000 people by 1930 and earned $26.3 million from sales of $374.6 million. On the basis of both sales volume and profits it claimed the honor of being the largest food products company in the country by a wide margin. Soon, National Dairy began acquiring companies outside of dairy products, purchasing Deerfoot Farms of Boston, a manufacturer of sausages. It also formed National Juice Corporation to produce orange juice in Tampa, Florida, which was then distributed through regular milk routes.		National Dairy employed approximately 35,000 people by 1930 and earned $26.3 million from sales of $374.6 million. On the basis of both sales volume and profits it claimed the honor of being the largest food products company in the country by a wide margin. Soon, National Dairy began acquiring companies outside of dairy products, purchasing Deerfoot Farms of Boston, a manufacturer of sausages. It also formed National Juice Corporation to produce orange juice in Tampa, Florida, which was then distributed through regular milk routes. (8)

	National Dairy made its largest acquisition by adding Kraft-Phoenix Cheese Corporation in 1930. At the time, the company was responsible for selling forty percent of all the cheese purchased in the United States. Since Kraft alone earned over $86 million, this brought National Dairy's sales up to over $400 million.		National Dairy made its largest acquisition by adding Kraft-Phoenix Cheese Corporation in 1930. At the time, the company was responsible for selling forty percent of all the cheese purchased in the United States. (9) Since Kraft alone earned over $86 million, this brought National Dairy's sales up to over $400 million.

	~~Sales and earnings~~ growth ~~moderated for National Dairy during~~ the ~~1930s~~. The ~~retail milk distribution industry~~ was ~~particularly competitive~~ and ~~highly regulated so the company attempted to diversify its line~~ of ~~manufactured~~ milk ~~products~~.		The growth of certain companies by acquisition of other companies in the same industry did not escape the notice of the United States Congress. The National Monopoly Investigating Committee called McInnerney to testify. He assured the committee was that there never had been and did not exist any possibility of monopoly in milk distribution. (10)

	National Dairy ~~earned $11~~.~~1 million on sales of $347.4 million in 1940. Demand for~~ milk~~, cheese,~~ and other dairy products soared during the wartime years for both civil and military customers. In 1941 the company reported record earnings of $83.6 million on sales of $431 million; in 1944 new records were set again when the company ~~achieved sales of $593.9 million. Sales~~ to ~~the United States military represented a major portion of these sales. Deliveries to the United States government in 1944 included 48 million quarts~~ of milk, 8.5 million gallons of ice cream, 101 million pounds of cheese, 23.5 million pounds of butter, 500,000 pounds of other Army and Navy ration spreads, ten million pounds of margarine, 4.5 million pounds of powdered milk, one million cases of evaporated milk, 769,000 gallons of salad dressing and three million cans of Tushonka, a Russian Army meat ration.		Sales and earnings growth moderated for National Dairy during the 1930s. The retail milk distribution industry was particularly competitive and highly regulated so the company attempted to diversify its line of manufactured milk products. (11)

	~~In the years of 1945 through 1960,~~ National Dairy ~~spent more than~~ $~~100~~ million ~~expanding~~ and ~~modernizing plant~~ and ~~equipment as well as~~ the ~~building a~~ new ~~research laboratory~~. ~~In 1948~~ sales ~~reached $986~~.4 million, ~~the highest in the company's twenty-five-year history~~.		National Dairy earned $11.1 million on sales of $347.4 million in 1940. Demand for milk, cheese, and other dairy products soared during the wartime years for both civil and military customers. In 1941 the company reported record earnings of $83.6 million on sales of $431 million; in 1944 new records were set again when the company achieved sales of $593.9 million. Sales to the United States military represented a major portion of these sales. Deliveries to the United States government in 1944 included 48 million quarts of milk, 8.5 million gallons of ice cream, 101 million pounds of cheese, 23.5 million pounds of butter, 500,000 pounds of other Army and Navy ration spreads, ten million pounds of margarine, 4.5 million pounds of powdered milk, one million cases of evaporated milk, 769,000 gallons of salad dressing and three million cans of Tushonka, a Russian Army meat ration. (12)

	~~During~~ the ~~1950s~~, National Dairy ~~invested heavily in new equipment, spending~~ $~~230~~ million ~~between 1945~~ and the ~~end of 1953~~. In ~~1956 the company acquired Metro Glass Company, a maker of glass containers used by National Dairy~~. ~~The company also constructed new plants in Germany, Australia, and England~~, ~~indicating~~ the ~~growing importance of non-U.S. sales to National Dairy. In 1961 it also entered~~ the ~~fish business by purchasing Green~~'s ~~Products, Ltd., the largest canner and distributor of tuna fish and salmon in Australia~~.		In the years of 1945 through 1960, National Dairy spent more than $100 million expanding and modernizing plant and equipment as well as the building a new research laboratory. In 1948 sales reached $986.4 million, the highest in the company's twenty-five-year history. (13)

	In ~~1962 increasing consumption~~ of ~~dairy products~~ by the U.S. ~~public~~, ~~aided by~~ the ~~introduction~~ of ~~new products~~ and ~~advertising, helped National Dairy achieve record sales $1.82 billion. These new products included a liquid high-protein weight control product called “Sealtest 900 Calorie Diet~~.”		During the 1950s, National Dairy invested heavily in new equipment, spending $230 million between 1945 and the end of 1953. In 1956 the company acquired Metro Glass Company, a maker of glass containers used by National Dairy. The company also constructed new plants in Germany, Australia, and England, indicating the growing importance of non-U.S. sales to National Dairy. In 1961 it also entered the fish business by purchasing Green's Products, Ltd., the largest canner and distributor of tuna fish and salmon in Australia. (15)

	In ~~1969,~~ the ~~firm changed its name from National Dairy to Kraftco Corporation~~. ~~The reason for the name change was given at the time: "Expansion and innovation have taken us far afield from~~ the ~~regional milk and ice cream business we started with in 1923. Dollar sales~~ of ~~these original~~ products ~~have remained relatively static over the past ten years~~ and, ~~in 1969 accounted for approximately 25% of our~~ sales.~~" At the same time the firm transferred to Glenview, Illinois, in 1972~~.		In 1962 increasing consumption of dairy products by the U.S. public, aided by the introduction of new products and advertising, helped National Dairy achieve record sales $1.82 billion. These new products included a liquid high-protein weight control product called “Sealtest 900 Calorie Diet.” (16)

	In 1976, its name changed to Kraft, Inc. to emphasize the trademark the company had been known for and as a result of the fact that dairy, other than cheese, was now only a minor part of the company's sales. Reorganization also occurred after the name change.		In 1969, the firm changed its name from National Dairy to Kraftco Corporation. The reason for the name change was given at the time: "Expansion and innovation have taken us far afield from the regional milk and ice cream business we started with in 1923. Dollar sales of these original products have remained relatively static over the past ten years and, in 1969 accounted for approximately 25% of our sales." At the same time the firm transferred to Glenview, Illinois, in 1972. (17)

			In 1976, its name changed to Kraft, Inc. to emphasize the trademark the company had been known for and as a result of the fact that dairy, other than cheese, was now only a minor part of the company's sales. Reorganization also occurred after the name change. (18)

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	4. National Dairy Products Corporation. Lehman Brothers Collection. Online: http://www.library.hbs.edu/hc/lehman/chrono.html?company=national_dairy_products_corporation		4. National Dairy Products Corporation. Lehman Brothers Collection. Online: http://www.library.hbs.edu/hc/lehman/chrono.html?company=national_dairy_products_corporation
			[[Category: Business Leader]]

			5. "Tycoon..."

			6. Ibid.

			7. Ibid.

			8. Ibid.

			9. "Thomas H. McInnerney: National Dairy Corporation," Online: https://www.hbs.edu/leadership/20th-century-leaders/Pages/details.aspx?profile=thomas_h_mcinnerney

			10. PICRYL. Online: https://picryl.com/media/no-possibility-of-monopoly-in-milk-distribution-witness-tells-monopoly-investigating

			11. "Tycoon..."

			12. Ibid.

			13. Ibid.

			14. Ibid.

			15. Ibid.

			16. Ibid.

			17. Ibid.

			18. Ibid.

	[[Category: Business Leader]]		[[Category: Business Leader]]

Randylyon at 21:41, 3 March 2019

2019-03-03T21:41:42Z

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	[[Image:tm2.png\|left\|thumb\|250px\|]]MCINNERNEY, Thomas Henry. (Dubuque, IA, 1867--1952). McInnerney's father was an associate of [[REYNOLDS, Joseph "Diamond Jo"\|Joseph "Diamond Jo" REYNOLDS]]. McInnerney began work as a cash boy for the [[H. B. GLOVER COMPANY]] at twenty-five cents a day with hours from 7:00 a.m. to 6:00 p.m. Monday through Friday with an additional four hours on Saturday. (1)		[[Image:tm2.png\|left\|thumb\|250px\|]]MCINNERNEY, Thomas Henry. (Dubuque, IA, 1867--1952). McInnerney's father was an associate of [[REYNOLDS, Joseph "Diamond Jo"\|Joseph "Diamond Jo" REYNOLDS]]. McInnerney began work as a cash boy for the [[H. B. GLOVER COMPANY]] at twenty-five cents a day with hours from 7:00 a.m. to 6:00 p.m. Monday through Friday with an additional four hours on Saturday. (1)

	He studied pharmacy at the University of Illinois in 1893 and borrowed $10,000 to open a drug store at Chicago's 35th Street and Indiana Avenue. He sold the store for $20,000 moved to Manhattan and became the drug department manager of the Siegel, Cooper and Company department store. (2) ~~Told a year later by the company owner~~ that the department was not making money, McInnerney said the owner was lying and quit. The following day the owner called him back in and offered him participation in the department's profits. The first year, he made $4,000 and the second year he earned $16,000. (3)		He studied pharmacy at the University of Illinois in 1893 and borrowed $10,000 to open a drug store at Chicago's 35th Street and Indiana Avenue. He sold the store for $20,000 moved to Manhattan and became the drug department manager of the Siegel, Cooper and Company department store. (2) Informed that the department was not making money, McInnerney said the owner was lying and quit. The following day, the owner called him back in and offered him participation in the department's profits. The first year, he made $4,000 and the second year he earned $16,000. (3)

	McInnerney ~~returned~~ to Chicago in 1911 with an interest in a coal company which operated an ice cream division. He traded his interest in coal for the control of the ice cream portion of the business. By 1920 he was dong a million-dollar-a-year ice cream business in Chicago. It was during this time that he began thinking about consolidating the dairy products industry.		McInnerney moved to Chicago in 1911 with an interest in a coal company which operated an ice cream division. He traded his interest in coal for the control of the ice cream portion of the business. By 1920 he was dong a million-dollar-a-year ice cream business in Chicago. It was during this time that he began thinking about consolidating the dairy products industry.

	In 1923 McInnerney sold the milk-consolidation idea to the investment firm of Goldman-Sachs, Lehman Brothers, and Tobey and Kirk. (4) The firms underwrote the business for $55 million and the National Dairy Products Corporation was organized in New York City and incorporated in Delaware in December 1923. It was formed for the purpose of acquiring the common stock of the Rieck-McJunkin Dairy Company of Pittsburgh and the Hydrox Corporation of Chicago, two of the largest manufacturers and distributors of ice cream and dairy products in the United States. Management of the new company was made up of the presidents of both acquired firms: Edward E. Rieck, President of Rieck-McJunkin, who became chairman of National Dairy, and Thomas McInnerney, president of Hydrox, who became president of the new firm.		In 1923 McInnerney sold the milk-consolidation idea to the investment firm of Goldman-Sachs, Lehman Brothers, and Tobey and Kirk. (4) The firms underwrote the business for $55 million and the National Dairy Products Corporation was organized in New York City and incorporated in Delaware in December 1923.

	~~The organizers~~ of ~~this new company expected that it would take its place among other large distributors~~ of ~~food that were being formed during this period. The business plan included purchasing or constructing a series~~ of ~~plants through~~ the ~~acquisition~~ of ~~existing businesses~~, ~~which would be strategically located throughout~~ the ~~country~~. ~~Each subsidiary~~ was ~~to retain its own name and personnel~~. ~~This strategy was expected to require lower inventories~~, ~~more rapid turnover~~, and ~~shorter credits~~.		It was formed for the purpose of acquiring the common stock of the Rieck-McJunkin Dairy Company of Pittsburgh and the Hydrox Corporation of Chicago, two of the largest manufacturers and distributors of ice cream and dairy products in the United States. Management of the new company was made up of the presidents of both acquired firms: Edward E. Rieck, President of Rieck-McJunkin, who became chairman of National Dairy, and Thomas McInnerney, president of Hydrox, who became president of the new firm.

	Within months ~~after forming~~, National Dairy began acquiring other companies. In 1925 alone it acquired eighteen similar businesses. By 1926 it owned such well-known dairy firms as Breyer Ice Cream of Philadelphia, Harding Ice Cream of Nashville, and Sheffield Farms of New York. In 1926 National Dairy operated in 1,600 cities and towns in thirteen states from New York to Nebraska. Earnings in 1925 were $4.9 million from sales of $105.3 million.		The business plan included purchasing or constructing a series of plants through the acquisition of existing businesses strategically located throughout the country. Each subsidiary was to retain its own name and personnel. This strategy was expected to require lower inventories, more rapid turnover, and shorter credits.

			Within months, National Dairy began acquiring other companies. In 1925 alone it acquired eighteen similar businesses. By 1926 it owned such well-known dairy firms as Breyer Ice Cream of Philadelphia, Harding Ice Cream of Nashville, and Sheffield Farms of New York. In 1926 National Dairy operated in 1,600 cities and towns in thirteen states from New York to Nebraska. Earnings in 1925 were $4.9 million from sales of $105.3 million.

	National Dairy employed approximately 35,000 people by 1930 and earned $26.3 million from sales of $374.6 million. On the basis of both sales volume and profits it claimed the honor of being the largest food products company in the country by a wide margin. Soon, National Dairy began acquiring companies outside of dairy products, purchasing Deerfoot Farms of Boston, a manufacturer of sausages. It also formed National Juice Corporation to produce orange juice in Tampa, Florida, which was then distributed through regular milk routes.		National Dairy employed approximately 35,000 people by 1930 and earned $26.3 million from sales of $374.6 million. On the basis of both sales volume and profits it claimed the honor of being the largest food products company in the country by a wide margin. Soon, National Dairy began acquiring companies outside of dairy products, purchasing Deerfoot Farms of Boston, a manufacturer of sausages. It also formed National Juice Corporation to produce orange juice in Tampa, Florida, which was then distributed through regular milk routes.

Randylyon at 03:12, 8 May 2017

2017-05-08T03:12:24Z

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	[[Image:tm2.png\|left\|thumb\|250px\|]]MCINNERNEY, Thomas Henry. (Dubuque, IA, 1867--1952). McInnerney's father was an associate of [[REYNOLDS, Joseph "Diamond Jo"\|Joseph "Diamond Jo" REYNOLDS]] ~~and~~ McInnerney began work as a cash boy for the [[H. B. GLOVER COMPANY]] at twenty-five cents a day with hours from 7:00 a.m. to 6:00 p.m. Monday through Friday with an additional four hours on Saturday. (1)		[[Image:tm2.png\|left\|thumb\|250px\|]]MCINNERNEY, Thomas Henry. (Dubuque, IA, 1867--1952). McInnerney's father was an associate of [[REYNOLDS, Joseph "Diamond Jo"\|Joseph "Diamond Jo" REYNOLDS]]. McInnerney began work as a cash boy for the [[H. B. GLOVER COMPANY]] at twenty-five cents a day with hours from 7:00 a.m. to 6:00 p.m. Monday through Friday with an additional four hours on Saturday. (1)

	He studied pharmacy at the University of Illinois in 1893 and borrowed $10,000 to open a drug store at Chicago's 35th Street and Indiana Avenue. He sold the store for $20,000 moved to Manhattan and became the drug department manager of the Siegel, Cooper and Company department store. (2) Told a year later by the company owner that the department was not making money, McInnerney said the owner was lying and quit. The following day the owner called him back in and offered him participation in the department's profits. The first year he made $4,000 and the second year he earned $16,000. (3)		He studied pharmacy at the University of Illinois in 1893 and borrowed $10,000 to open a drug store at Chicago's 35th Street and Indiana Avenue. He sold the store for $20,000 moved to Manhattan and became the drug department manager of the Siegel, Cooper and Company department store. (2) Told a year later by the company owner that the department was not making money, McInnerney said the owner was lying and quit. The following day the owner called him back in and offered him participation in the department's profits. The first year, he made $4,000 and the second year he earned $16,000. (3)

	McInnerney returned to Chicago in 1911 with an interest in a coal company which operated an ice cream division. He traded his interest in coal ~~and ice~~ for the control of the ice cream portion of the business. By 1920 he was dong a million-dollar-a-year ice cream business in Chicago. It was during this time that he began thinking about consolidating the dairy products industry.		McInnerney returned to Chicago in 1911 with an interest in a coal company which operated an ice cream division. He traded his interest in coal for the control of the ice cream portion of the business. By 1920 he was dong a million-dollar-a-year ice cream business in Chicago. It was during this time that he began thinking about consolidating the dairy products industry.

	In 1923 McInnerney sold the milk-consolidation idea to the investment firm of Goldman-Sachs, Lehman Brothers, and Tobey and Kirk. (2) The firms underwrote the business for $55 million and the National Dairy Products Corporation was organized in New York City and incorporated in Delaware in December 1923. It was formed for the purpose of acquiring the common stock of the Rieck-McJunkin Dairy Company of Pittsburgh and the Hydrox Corporation of Chicago, two of the largest manufacturers and distributors of ice cream and dairy products in the United States. Management of the new company was made up of the presidents of both acquired firms: Edward E. Rieck, President of Rieck-McJunkin, who became chairman of National Dairy, and Thomas McInnerney, president of Hydrox, who became president of the new firm. The organizers of this new company expected that it would take its place among other large distributors of food that were being formed during this period. The business plan included purchasing or constructing a series of plants through the acquisition of existing businesses, which would be strategically located throughout the country. Each subsidiary was to retain its own name and personnel. This strategy was expected to require lower inventories, more rapid turnover, and shorter credits.		In 1923 McInnerney sold the milk-consolidation idea to the investment firm of Goldman-Sachs, Lehman Brothers, and Tobey and Kirk. (4) The firms underwrote the business for $55 million and the National Dairy Products Corporation was organized in New York City and incorporated in Delaware in December 1923. It was formed for the purpose of acquiring the common stock of the Rieck-McJunkin Dairy Company of Pittsburgh and the Hydrox Corporation of Chicago, two of the largest manufacturers and distributors of ice cream and dairy products in the United States. Management of the new company was made up of the presidents of both acquired firms: Edward E. Rieck, President of Rieck-McJunkin, who became chairman of National Dairy, and Thomas McInnerney, president of Hydrox, who became president of the new firm.

			The organizers of this new company expected that it would take its place among other large distributors of food that were being formed during this period. The business plan included purchasing or constructing a series of plants through the acquisition of existing businesses, which would be strategically located throughout the country. Each subsidiary was to retain its own name and personnel. This strategy was expected to require lower inventories, more rapid turnover, and shorter credits.

			Within months after forming, National Dairy began acquiring other companies. In 1925 alone it acquired eighteen similar businesses. By 1926 it owned such well-known dairy firms as Breyer Ice Cream of Philadelphia, Harding Ice Cream of Nashville, and Sheffield Farms of New York. In 1926 National Dairy operated in 1,600 cities and towns in thirteen states from New York to Nebraska. Earnings in 1925 were $4.9 million from sales of $105.3 million.

	Within months after forming, National Dairy began acquiring other companies. In 1925 alone it acquired eighteen companies. By 1926 it possessed several well-known dairy firms including Breyer Ice Cream of Philadelphia, Harding Ice Cream of Nashville, and Sheffield Farms of New York. In 1926 National Dairy operated in 1,600 cities and towns in thirteen states from New York to Nebraska. Earnings in 1925 were $4.9 million from sales of $105.3 million.
	National Dairy employed approximately 35,000 people by 1930 and earned $26.3 million from sales of $374.6 million. On the basis of both sales volume and profits it claimed the honor of being the largest food products company in the country by a wide margin. Soon, National Dairy began acquiring companies outside of dairy products, purchasing Deerfoot Farms of Boston, a manufacturer of sausages. It also formed National Juice Corporation to produce orange juice in Tampa, Florida, which was then distributed through regular milk routes.		National Dairy employed approximately 35,000 people by 1930 and earned $26.3 million from sales of $374.6 million. On the basis of both sales volume and profits it claimed the honor of being the largest food products company in the country by a wide margin. Soon, National Dairy began acquiring companies outside of dairy products, purchasing Deerfoot Farms of Boston, a manufacturer of sausages. It also formed National Juice Corporation to produce orange juice in Tampa, Florida, which was then distributed through regular milk routes.

Randylyon at 05:00, 1 March 2016

2016-03-01T05:00:16Z

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	[[Image:tm2.png\|left\|thumb\|250px\|]]MCINNERNEY, Thomas Henry. (Dubuque, IA, 1867--1952). McInnerney's father was an associate of [[REYNOLDS, Joseph "Diamond Jo"\|Joseph "Diamond Jo" REYNOLDS]] and McInnerney began work as a cash boy for the [[H. B. GLOVER COMPANY]] at twenty-five cents a day with hours from 7:00 a.m. to 6:00 p.m. Monday through Friday with an additional four hours on Saturday. He studied pharmacy at the University of Illinois in 1893 and borrowed $10,000 to open a drug store at Chicago's 35th Street and Indiana Avenue. He sold the store for $20,000 moved to Manhattan and became the drug department manager of the Siegel, Cooper and Company department store. (1) Told a year later by the company owner that the department was not making money, McInnerney said the owner was lying and quit. The following day the owner called him back in and offered him participation in the department's profits. The first year he made $4,000 and the second year he earned $16,000. (2)		[[Image:tm2.png\|left\|thumb\|250px\|]]MCINNERNEY, Thomas Henry. (Dubuque, IA, 1867--1952). McInnerney's father was an associate of [[REYNOLDS, Joseph "Diamond Jo"\|Joseph "Diamond Jo" REYNOLDS]] and McInnerney began work as a cash boy for the [[H. B. GLOVER COMPANY]] at twenty-five cents a day with hours from 7:00 a.m. to 6:00 p.m. Monday through Friday with an additional four hours on Saturday. (1)

			He studied pharmacy at the University of Illinois in 1893 and borrowed $10,000 to open a drug store at Chicago's 35th Street and Indiana Avenue. He sold the store for $20,000 moved to Manhattan and became the drug department manager of the Siegel, Cooper and Company department store. (2) Told a year later by the company owner that the department was not making money, McInnerney said the owner was lying and quit. The following day the owner called him back in and offered him participation in the department's profits. The first year he made $4,000 and the second year he earned $16,000. (3)

	McInnerney returned to Chicago in 1911 with an interest in a coal company which operated an ice cream division. He traded his interest in coal and ice for the control of the ice cream portion of the business. By 1920 he was dong a million-dollar-a-year ice cream business in Chicago. It was during this time that he began thinking about consolidating the dairy products industry.		McInnerney returned to Chicago in 1911 with an interest in a coal company which operated an ice cream division. He traded his interest in coal and ice for the control of the ice cream portion of the business. By 1920 he was dong a million-dollar-a-year ice cream business in Chicago. It was during this time that he began thinking about consolidating the dairy products industry.
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	2. Ibid.		2. Ibid.

	3. National Dairy Products Corporation. Lehman Brothers Collection. Online: http://www.library.hbs.edu/hc/lehman/chrono.html?company=national_dairy_products_corporation		3. Ibid.

			4. National Dairy Products Corporation. Lehman Brothers Collection. Online: http://www.library.hbs.edu/hc/lehman/chrono.html?company=national_dairy_products_corporation
	[[Category: Business Leader]]		[[Category: Business Leader]]

Randylyon at 04:59, 1 March 2016

2016-03-01T04:59:25Z

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	In 1923 McInnerney sold the milk-consolidation idea to the investment firm of Goldman-Sachs, Lehman Brothers, and Tobey and Kirk. (2) The firms underwrote the business for $55 million and the National Dairy Products Corporation was organized in New York City and incorporated in Delaware in December 1923. It was formed for the purpose of acquiring the common stock of the Rieck-McJunkin Dairy Company of Pittsburgh and the Hydrox Corporation of Chicago, two of the largest manufacturers and distributors of ice cream and dairy products in the United States. Management of the new company was made up of the presidents of both acquired firms: Edward E. Rieck, President of Rieck-McJunkin, who became chairman of National Dairy, and Thomas McInnerney, president of Hydrox, who became president of the new firm. The organizers of this new company expected that it would take its place among other large distributors of food that were being formed during this period. The business plan included purchasing or constructing a series of plants through the acquisition of existing businesses, which would be strategically located throughout the country. Each subsidiary was to retain its own name and personnel. This strategy was expected to require lower inventories, more rapid turnover, and shorter credits.		In 1923 McInnerney sold the milk-consolidation idea to the investment firm of Goldman-Sachs, Lehman Brothers, and Tobey and Kirk. (2) The firms underwrote the business for $55 million and the National Dairy Products Corporation was organized in New York City and incorporated in Delaware in December 1923. It was formed for the purpose of acquiring the common stock of the Rieck-McJunkin Dairy Company of Pittsburgh and the Hydrox Corporation of Chicago, two of the largest manufacturers and distributors of ice cream and dairy products in the United States. Management of the new company was made up of the presidents of both acquired firms: Edward E. Rieck, President of Rieck-McJunkin, who became chairman of National Dairy, and Thomas McInnerney, president of Hydrox, who became president of the new firm. The organizers of this new company expected that it would take its place among other large distributors of food that were being formed during this period. The business plan included purchasing or constructing a series of plants through the acquisition of existing businesses, which would be strategically located throughout the country. Each subsidiary was to retain its own name and personnel. This strategy was expected to require lower inventories, more rapid turnover, and shorter credits.

	Within months after forming, National Dairy began acquiring other companies. In 1925 alone it acquired eighteen companies. By 1926 it possessed several well-known dairy firms including Breyer Ice Cream of Philadelphia, Harding Ice Cream of Nashville, and Sheffield Farms of New York. In 1926 National Dairy operated in 1,600 cities and towns in thirteen states from New York to Nebraska. Earnings in 1925 were $4.9 million from sales of $105.3 million.		Within months after forming, National Dairy began acquiring other companies. In 1925 alone it acquired eighteen companies. By 1926 it possessed several well-known dairy firms including Breyer Ice Cream of Philadelphia, Harding Ice Cream of Nashville, and Sheffield Farms of New York. In 1926 National Dairy operated in 1,600 cities and towns in thirteen states from New York to Nebraska. Earnings in 1925 were $4.9 million from sales of $105.3 million.
			National Dairy employed approximately 35,000 people by 1930 and earned $26.3 million from sales of $374.6 million. On the basis of both sales volume and profits it claimed the honor of being the largest food products company in the country by a wide margin. Soon, National Dairy began acquiring companies outside of dairy products, purchasing Deerfoot Farms of Boston, a manufacturer of sausages. It also formed National Juice Corporation to produce orange juice in Tampa, Florida, which was then distributed through regular milk routes.

	National Dairy employed approximately 35,000 people by 1930 and earned $26.3 million from sales of $374.6 million. On the basis of both sales volume and profits it claimed the honor of being the largest food products company in the country by a wide margin. Soon, National Dairy began acquiring companies outside of dairy products, purchasing Deerfoot Farms of Boston, a manufacturer of sausages. It also formed National Juice Corporation to produce orange juice in Tampa, Florida, which was then distributed through regular milk routes.		National Dairy made its largest acquisition by adding Kraft-Phoenix Cheese Corporation in 1930. At the time, the company was responsible for selling forty percent of all the cheese purchased in the United States. Since Kraft alone earned over $86 million, this brought National Dairy's sales up to over $400 million.

	National Dairy made its largest acquisition by adding Kraft-Phoenix Cheese Corporation in 1930. At the time, the company was responsible for selling forty percent of all the cheese purchased in the United States. Since Kraft alone earned over $86 million, this brought National Dairy's sales up to over $400 million.

	Sales and earnings growth moderated for National Dairy during the 1930s. The retail milk distribution industry was particularly competitive and highly regulated so the company attempted to diversify its line of manufactured milk products.		Sales and earnings growth moderated for National Dairy during the 1930s. The retail milk distribution industry was particularly competitive and highly regulated so the company attempted to diversify its line of manufactured milk products.

	~~In 1940~~ National Dairy earned $11.1 million on sales of $347.4 million. Demand for milk, cheese, and other dairy products soared during the wartime years for both civil and military customers. In 1941 the company reported record earnings of $83.6 million on sales of $431 million~~, and~~ in 1944 new records were set again when the company achieved sales of $593.9 million. Sales to the ~~U.S.~~ military represented a major portion of these sales. Deliveries to the ~~U.S.~~ government in 1944 included 48 million quarts of milk, 8.5 million gallons of ice cream, 101 million pounds of cheese, 23.5 million pounds of butter, 500,000 pounds of other Army and Navy ration spreads, ten million pounds of margarine, 4.5 million pounds of powdered milk, one million cases of evaporated milk, 769,000 gallons of salad dressing and three million cans of Tushonka, a Russian Army meat ration.		National Dairy earned $11.1 million on sales of $347.4 million in 1940. Demand for milk, cheese, and other dairy products soared during the wartime years for both civil and military customers. In 1941 the company reported record earnings of $83.6 million on sales of $431 million; in 1944 new records were set again when the company achieved sales of $593.9 million. Sales to the United States military represented a major portion of these sales. Deliveries to the United States government in 1944 included 48 million quarts of milk, 8.5 million gallons of ice cream, 101 million pounds of cheese, 23.5 million pounds of butter, 500,000 pounds of other Army and Navy ration spreads, ten million pounds of margarine, 4.5 million pounds of powdered milk, one million cases of evaporated milk, 769,000 gallons of salad dressing and three million cans of Tushonka, a Russian Army meat ration.

	In the ~~post-war~~ years of 1945 through 1960, National Dairy spent more than $100 million expanding and modernizing plant and equipment as well as the building a new research laboratory. In 1948 sales reached $986.4 million, the highest in the company's twenty-five-year history.		In the years of 1945 through 1960, National Dairy spent more than $100 million expanding and modernizing plant and equipment as well as the building a new research laboratory. In 1948 sales reached $986.4 million, the highest in the company's twenty-five-year history.

	During the 1950s National Dairy ~~continued to invest~~ heavily in new equipment, spending $230 million between 1945 and the end of 1953. In 1956 the company acquired Metro Glass Company, a maker of glass containers used by National Dairy. The company also constructed new plants in Germany, Australia, and England, ~~one indicator of~~ the growing importance of non-U.S. sales to National Dairy. In 1961 it also entered the fish business by purchasing Green's Products, Ltd., the largest canner and distributor of tuna fish and salmon in Australia.		During the 1950s, National Dairy invested heavily in new equipment, spending $230 million between 1945 and the end of 1953. In 1956 the company acquired Metro Glass Company, a maker of glass containers used by National Dairy. The company also constructed new plants in Germany, Australia, and England, indicating the growing importance of non-U.S. sales to National Dairy. In 1961 it also entered the fish business by purchasing Green's Products, Ltd., the largest canner and distributor of tuna fish and salmon in Australia.

	In 1962 increasing consumption of dairy products by the U.S. public, aided by the introduction of new products and advertising, helped ~~lift sales for~~ National Dairy ~~to a~~ record $1.82 billion. These new products included a liquid high-protein weight control product called “Sealtest 900 Calorie Diet.”		In 1962 increasing consumption of dairy products by the U.S. public, aided by the introduction of new products and advertising, helped National Dairy achieve record sales $1.82 billion. These new products included a liquid high-protein weight control product called “Sealtest 900 Calorie Diet.”

	In 1969, the firm changed its name from National Dairy to Kraftco Corporation. The reason for the name change was given at the time: "Expansion and innovation have taken us far afield from the regional milk and ice cream business we started with in 1923. Dollar sales of these original products have remained relatively static over the past ten years and, in 1969 accounted for approximately 25% of our sales." At the same time the firm transferred to Glenview, Illinois, in 1972.		In 1969, the firm changed its name from National Dairy to Kraftco Corporation. The reason for the name change was given at the time: "Expansion and innovation have taken us far afield from the regional milk and ice cream business we started with in 1923. Dollar sales of these original products have remained relatively static over the past ten years and, in 1969 accounted for approximately 25% of our sales." At the same time the firm transferred to Glenview, Illinois, in 1972.
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	2. Ibid.		2. Ibid.

			3. National Dairy Products Corporation. Lehman Brothers Collection. Online: http://www.library.hbs.edu/hc/lehman/chrono.html?company=national_dairy_products_corporation
	[[Category: Business Leader]]		[[Category: Business Leader]]

Randylyon at 04:47, 1 March 2016

2016-03-01T04:47:33Z

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	[[Image:tm2.png\|left\|thumb\|250px\|]]MCINNERNEY, Thomas Henry. (Dubuque, IA, 1867--1952). McInnerney studied pharmacy at the University of Illinois in 1893 and ~~ran~~ a drug store at Chicago's 35th Street and Indiana Avenue. He ~~later~~ moved to Manhattan and became the ~~general~~ manager of the Siegel, Cooper and Company department store.		[[Image:tm2.png\|left\|thumb\|250px\|]]MCINNERNEY, Thomas Henry. (Dubuque, IA, 1867--1952). McInnerney's father was an associate of [[REYNOLDS, Joseph "Diamond Jo"\|Joseph "Diamond Jo" REYNOLDS]] and McInnerney began work as a cash boy for the [[H. B. GLOVER COMPANY]] at twenty-five cents a day with hours from 7:00 a.m. to 6:00 p.m. Monday through Friday with an additional four hours on Saturday. He studied pharmacy at the University of Illinois in 1893 and borrowed $10,000 to open a drug store at Chicago's 35th Street and Indiana Avenue. He sold the store for $20,000 moved to Manhattan and became the drug department manager of the Siegel, Cooper and Company department store. (1) Told a year later by the company owner that the department was not making money, McInnerney said the owner was lying and quit. The following day the owner called him back in and offered him participation in the department's profits. The first year he made $4,000 and the second year he earned $16,000. (2)

	McInnerney returned to Chicago in 1911 with an interest in a coal company which operated an ice cream division. He traded his interest in coal and ice for the control of the ice cream portion of the business. By 1920 he was dong a million-dollar-a-year ice cream business in Chicago. It was during this time that he began thinking about consolidating the dairy products industry.		McInnerney returned to Chicago in 1911 with an interest in a coal company which operated an ice cream division. He traded his interest in coal and ice for the control of the ice cream portion of the business. By 1920 he was dong a million-dollar-a-year ice cream business in Chicago. It was during this time that he began thinking about consolidating the dairy products industry.

	In 1923 McInnerney sold the milk-consolidation idea to the investment firm of Goldman-Sachs. The National Dairy Products Corporation was organized in New York City and incorporated in Delaware in December 1923. It was formed for the purpose of acquiring the common stock of the Rieck-McJunkin Dairy Company of Pittsburgh and the Hydrox Corporation of Chicago, two of the largest manufacturers and distributors of ice cream and dairy products in the United States. Management of the new company was made up of the presidents of both acquired firms: Edward E. Rieck, President of Rieck-McJunkin, who became chairman of National Dairy, and Thomas McInnerney, president of Hydrox, who became president of the new firm. The organizers of this new company expected that it would take its place among other large distributors of food that were being formed during this period. The business plan included purchasing or constructing a series of plants through the acquisition of existing businesses, which would be strategically located throughout the country. Each subsidiary was to retain its own name and personnel. This strategy was expected to require lower inventories, more rapid turnover, and shorter credits.		In 1923 McInnerney sold the milk-consolidation idea to the investment firm of Goldman-Sachs, Lehman Brothers, and Tobey and Kirk. (2) The firms underwrote the business for $55 million and the National Dairy Products Corporation was organized in New York City and incorporated in Delaware in December 1923. It was formed for the purpose of acquiring the common stock of the Rieck-McJunkin Dairy Company of Pittsburgh and the Hydrox Corporation of Chicago, two of the largest manufacturers and distributors of ice cream and dairy products in the United States. Management of the new company was made up of the presidents of both acquired firms: Edward E. Rieck, President of Rieck-McJunkin, who became chairman of National Dairy, and Thomas McInnerney, president of Hydrox, who became president of the new firm. The organizers of this new company expected that it would take its place among other large distributors of food that were being formed during this period. The business plan included purchasing or constructing a series of plants through the acquisition of existing businesses, which would be strategically located throughout the country. Each subsidiary was to retain its own name and personnel. This strategy was expected to require lower inventories, more rapid turnover, and shorter credits.

	Within months after forming, National Dairy began acquiring other companies. In 1925 alone it acquired eighteen companies. By 1926 it possessed several well-known dairy firms including Breyer Ice Cream of Philadelphia, Harding Ice Cream of Nashville, and Sheffield Farms of New York. In 1926 National Dairy operated in 1,600 cities and towns in thirteen states from New York to Nebraska. Earnings in 1925 were $4.9 million from sales of $105.3 million.		Within months after forming, National Dairy began acquiring other companies. In 1925 alone it acquired eighteen companies. By 1926 it possessed several well-known dairy firms including Breyer Ice Cream of Philadelphia, Harding Ice Cream of Nashville, and Sheffield Farms of New York. In 1926 National Dairy operated in 1,600 cities and towns in thirteen states from New York to Nebraska. Earnings in 1925 were $4.9 million from sales of $105.3 million.
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	In 1976, its name changed to Kraft, Inc. to emphasize the trademark the company had been known for and as a result of the fact that dairy, other than cheese, was now only a minor part of the company's sales. Reorganization also occurred after the name change.		In 1976, its name changed to Kraft, Inc. to emphasize the trademark the company had been known for and as a result of the fact that dairy, other than cheese, was now only a minor part of the company's sales. Reorganization also occurred after the name change.

			---

			Source:

			1. "Tycoon Tells of Early Days," ''Telegraph Herald'', February 12, 1950, p. 17. Online: https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=aEyKTaVlRPYC&dat=19500212&printsec=frontpage&hl=en

			2. Ibid.

	[[Category: Business Leader]]		[[Category: Business Leader]]

← Older revision		Revision as of 17:24, 26 April 2024
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	[[Image:tm2.png\|left\|thumb\|250px\|Testifying before the Monopoly Invesstigating Committee. Photo courtesy: PICRYL]]MCINNERNEY, Thomas Henry. (Dubuque, IA, May 8, 1867--Greenwich, CN, Sept. 30, 1952). McInnerney's father was an associate of [[REYNOLDS, Joseph "Diamond Jo"\|Joseph "Diamond Jo" REYNOLDS]]. McInnerney began work as a cash boy for the [[H. B. GLOVER COMPANY]] at twenty-five cents a day with hours from 7:00 a.m. to 6:00 p.m. Monday through Friday with an additional four hours on Saturday. (1)		[[Image:tm2.png\|left\|thumb\|250px\|Testifying before the Monopoly Invesstigating Committee. Photo courtesy: PICRYL]]MCINNERNEY, Thomas Henry. (Dubuque, IA, May 8, 1867--Greenwich, CN, Sept. 30, 1952). McInnerney's father was an associate of [[REYNOLDS, Joseph "Diamond Jo"\|Joseph "Diamond Jo" REYNOLDS]]. McInnerney began work as a cash boy for the [[H. B. GLOVER COMPANY]] at twenty-five cents a day with hours from 7:00 a.m. to 6:00 p.m. Monday through Friday with an additional four hours on Saturday. (1)

	He studied pharmacy at the University of Illinois in 1893 and borrowed $10,000 to open a drug store at Chicago's 35th Street and Indiana Avenue. He sold the store for $20,000 moved to Manhattan and became the drug department manager of the Siegel, Cooper and Company department store. (2) Informed that the department was not making money, McInnerney said the owner was lying and quit. The following day, the owner called him back in and offered him participation in the department's profits. The first year, he made $4,000 and the second year he earned $16,000. (3)		McInnerney studied pharmacy at the University of Illinois in 1893 and borrowed $10,000 to open a drug store at Chicago's 35th Street and Indiana Avenue. He sold the store for $20,000, moved to Manhattan ,and became the drug department manager of the Siegel, Cooper and Company department store. (2) Informed that the department was not making money, McInnerney said the owner was lying and quit. The following day, the owner called him back in and offered him participation in the department's profits. The first year, he made $4,000 and the second year he earned $16,000. (3)

	McInnerney moved to Chicago in 1911 with ~~an interest~~ in a coal company which operated an ice cream division. He traded his interest in coal for the control of the ice cream portion of the business. By 1920 he was ~~dong~~ a million-dollar-a-year ice cream business in Chicago. It was during this time that he began thinking about consolidating the dairy products industry.		McInnerney moved to Chicago in 1911 with a partial ownership in a coal company which operated an ice cream division. He traded his interest in coal for the control of the ice cream portion of the business. By 1920 he was doing a million-dollar-a-year ice cream business in Chicago. It was during this time that he began thinking about consolidating the dairy products industry.

	In 1923 McInnerney sold the milk-consolidation idea to the investment firm of Goldman-Sachs, Lehman Brothers, and Tobey and Kirk. (4) The firms underwrote the business for $55 million ~~and the~~ National Dairy Products Corporation was organized in New York City and incorporated in Delaware in December 1923.		In 1923 McInnerney sold the milk-consolidation idea to the investment firm of Goldman-Sachs, Lehman Brothers, and Tobey and Kirk. (4) The firms underwrote the business for $55 million. The resulting National Dairy Products Corporation was organized in New York City and incorporated in Delaware in December 1923.

	It was formed for the purpose of acquiring the common stock of the Rieck-McJunkin Dairy Company of Pittsburgh and the Hydrox Corporation of Chicago, two of the largest manufacturers and distributors of ice cream and dairy products in the United States. Management of the new company was made up of the presidents of both acquired firms: Edward E. Rieck, President of Rieck-McJunkin, who became chairman of National Dairy, and Thomas McInnerney, president of Hydrox, who became president of the new firm. (5)		The company was formed for the purpose of acquiring the common stock of the Rieck-McJunkin Dairy Company of Pittsburgh and the Hydrox Corporation of Chicago, two of the largest manufacturers and distributors of ice cream and dairy products in the United States. Management of the new company was made up of the presidents of both acquired firms: Edward E. Rieck, President of Rieck-McJunkin, who became chairman of National Dairy, and Thomas McInnerney, president of Hydrox, who became president of the new firm. (5)

	The business plan included purchasing or constructing a series of plants through the acquisition of existing businesses strategically located throughout the country. Each subsidiary was to retain its own name and personnel. This strategy was expected to require lower inventories, more rapid turnover, and shorter credits. (6)		The business plan included purchasing or constructing a series of plants through the acquisition of existing businesses strategically located throughout the country. Each subsidiary was to retain its own name and personnel. This strategy was expected to require lower inventories, more rapid turnover, and shorter credits. (6)

	Within months, National Dairy began acquiring other companies. In 1925 alone it ~~acquired~~ eighteen similar businesses. By 1926 it owned such well-known dairy firms as Breyer Ice Cream of Philadelphia, Harding Ice Cream of Nashville, and Sheffield Farms of New York. In 1926 National Dairy operated in 1,600 cities and towns in thirteen states from New York to Nebraska. ~~Earnings~~ in 1925 were $4.9 million from sales of $105.3 million. (7)		Within months, National Dairy began acquiring other companies. In 1925 alone it puyrchased eighteen similar businesses. By 1926 it owned such well-known dairy firms as Breyer Ice Cream of Philadelphia, Harding Ice Cream of Nashville, and Sheffield Farms of New York. In 1926 National Dairy operated in 1,600 cities and towns in thirteen states from New York to Nebraska. Profits in 1925 were $4.9 million from sales of $105.3 million. (7)

	National Dairy employed approximately 35,000 people by 1930 and earned $26.3 million from sales of $374.6 million. On the basis of both sales volume and profits it claimed the honor of being the largest food products company in the country by a wide margin. Soon, National Dairy began acquiring companies outside of dairy products, purchasing Deerfoot Farms of Boston, a manufacturer of sausages. It also formed National Juice Corporation to produce orange juice in Tampa, Florida, which was then distributed through regular milk routes. (8)		National Dairy employed approximately 35,000 people by 1930 and earned $26.3 million from sales of $374.6 million. On the basis of both sales volume and profits it claimed the honor of being the largest food products company in the country by a wide margin. Soon, National Dairy began acquiring companies outside of dairy products, purchasing Deerfoot Farms of Boston, a manufacturer of sausages. It also formed National Juice Corporation to produce orange juice in Tampa, Florida, which was then distributed through regular milk routes. (8)
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	National Dairy made its largest acquisition by adding Kraft-Phoenix Cheese Corporation in 1930. At the time, the company was responsible for selling forty percent of all the cheese purchased in the United States. (9) Since Kraft alone earned over $86 million, this brought National Dairy's sales up to over $400 million.		National Dairy made its largest acquisition by adding Kraft-Phoenix Cheese Corporation in 1930. At the time, the company was responsible for selling forty percent of all the cheese purchased in the United States. (9) Since Kraft alone earned over $86 million, this brought National Dairy's sales up to over $400 million.

	The growth of certain companies by acquisition of other companies in the same industry did not escape the notice of the United States Congress. The National Monopoly Investigating Committee called McInnerney to testify. He assured the committee ~~was~~ that there never had been and did not exist any possibility of monopoly in milk distribution. (10)		The growth of certain companies by acquisition of other companies in the same industry did not escape the notice of the United States Congress. The National Monopoly Investigating Committee called McInnerney to testify. He assured the committee that there never had been and did not exist any possibility of monopoly in milk distribution. (10)

	Sales and earnings growth moderated for National Dairy during the 1930s. The retail milk distribution industry was particularly competitive and highly regulated so the company attempted to diversify its line of manufactured milk products. (11)		Sales and earnings growth moderated for National Dairy during the 1930s. The retail milk distribution industry was particularly competitive and highly regulated so the company attempted to diversify its line of manufactured milk products. (11)
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	National Dairy earned $11.1 million on sales of $347.4 million in 1940. Demand for milk, cheese, and other dairy products soared during the wartime years for both civil and military customers. In 1941 the company reported record earnings of $83.6 million on sales of $431 million; in 1944 new records were set again when the company achieved sales of $593.9 million. Sales to the United States military represented a major portion of these sales. Deliveries to the United States government in 1944 included 48 million quarts of milk, 8.5 million gallons of ice cream, 101 million pounds of cheese, 23.5 million pounds of butter, 500,000 pounds of other Army and Navy ration spreads, ten million pounds of margarine, 4.5 million pounds of powdered milk, one million cases of evaporated milk, 769,000 gallons of salad dressing and three million cans of Tushonka, a Russian Army meat ration. (12)		National Dairy earned $11.1 million on sales of $347.4 million in 1940. Demand for milk, cheese, and other dairy products soared during the wartime years for both civil and military customers. In 1941 the company reported record earnings of $83.6 million on sales of $431 million; in 1944 new records were set again when the company achieved sales of $593.9 million. Sales to the United States military represented a major portion of these sales. Deliveries to the United States government in 1944 included 48 million quarts of milk, 8.5 million gallons of ice cream, 101 million pounds of cheese, 23.5 million pounds of butter, 500,000 pounds of other Army and Navy ration spreads, ten million pounds of margarine, 4.5 million pounds of powdered milk, one million cases of evaporated milk, 769,000 gallons of salad dressing and three million cans of Tushonka, a Russian Army meat ration. (12)

	In the years of 1945 through 1960, National Dairy spent more than $100 million expanding and modernizing plant and equipment as well as ~~the~~ building a new research laboratory. In 1948 sales reached $986.4 million, the highest in the company's twenty-five-year history. (13)		In the years of 1945 through 1960, National Dairy spent more than $100 million expanding and modernizing plant and equipment as well as building a new research laboratory. In 1948 sales reached $986.4 million, the highest in the company's twenty-five-year history. (13)

	During the 1950s, National Dairy invested heavily in new equipment, spending $230 million between 1945 and the end of 1953. In 1956 the company acquired Metro Glass Company, a maker of glass containers used by National Dairy. The company also constructed new plants in Germany, Australia, and England, indicating the growing importance of non-U.S. sales to National Dairy. In 1961 it ~~also~~ entered the fish business by purchasing Green's Products, Ltd., the largest canner and distributor of tuna fish and salmon in Australia. (15)		During the 1950s, National Dairy invested heavily in new equipment, spending $230 million between 1945 and the end of 1953. In 1956 the company acquired Metro Glass Company, a maker of glass containers used by National Dairy. The company also constructed new plants in Germany, Australia, and England, indicating the growing importance of non-U.S. sales to National Dairy. In 1961 it entered the fish business by purchasing Green's Products, Ltd., the largest canner and distributor of tuna fish and salmon in Australia. (15)

	In 1962 increasing consumption of dairy products by the U.S. public, aided by the introduction of new products and advertising, helped National Dairy achieve record sales $1.82 billion. These new products included a liquid high-protein weight control product called “Sealtest 900 Calorie Diet.” (16)		In 1962 increasing consumption of dairy products by the U.S. public, aided by the introduction of new products and advertising, helped National Dairy achieve record sales $1.82 billion. These new products included a liquid high-protein weight control product called “Sealtest 900 Calorie Diet.” (16)

	In 1969, the firm changed its name from National Dairy to Kraftco Corporation. The reason for the name change was given at the time: "Expansion and innovation have taken us far afield from the regional milk and ice cream business we started with in 1923. Dollar sales of these original products have remained relatively static over the past ten years and, in 1969 accounted for approximately 25% of our sales." At the same time the firm ~~transferred~~ to Glenview, Illinois, in 1972. (17)		In 1969, the firm changed its name from National Dairy to Kraftco Corporation. The reason for the name change was given at the time: "Expansion and innovation have taken us far afield from the regional milk and ice cream business we started with in 1923. Dollar sales of these original products have remained relatively static over the past ten years and, in 1969 accounted for approximately 25% of our sales." At the same time, the firm relocated to Glenview, Illinois, in 1972. (17)

	In 1976, its name changed to Kraft, Inc. to emphasize the trademark the company had been known for and as a result of the fact that dairy, other than cheese, was now only a minor part of the company's sales. Reorganization also occurred after the name change. (18)		In 1976, its name changed to Kraft, Inc. to emphasize the trademark the company had been known for and as a result of the fact that dairy, other than cheese, was now only a minor part of the company's sales. Reorganization also occurred after the name change. (18)