KU KLUX KLAN - Revision history

Randylyon at 01:51, 7 May 2023

2023-05-07T01:51:30Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 01:51, 7 May 2023
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	[[Image:P1000499.jpg\|left\|thumb\|150px\|Front of K.K.K. Hero Cross. Photo courtesy: Bob Reding.]]		[[Image:P1000499.jpg\|left\|thumb\|150px\|Front of K.K.K. Hero Cross. Photo courtesy: Bob Reding.]]
	[Image:kkkreceipt.jpg\|right\|thumb\|250px\|Photo courtesy: Tombstone (AZ) Museum]]		[[Image:kkkreceipt.jpg\|right\|thumb\|250px\|Photo courtesy: Tombstone (AZ) Museum]]
	[[Image:P1000500.jpg\|left\|thumb\|150px\|Reverse of medal. Photo courtesy: Bob Reding]]		[[Image:P1000500.jpg\|left\|thumb\|150px\|Reverse of medal. Photo courtesy: Bob Reding]]
	[[Image:tri-kclub.jpg\|right\|thumb\|200px\|Members of the Tri-K Club parade near Dubuque circa 1920. Photo courtesy: Bob Reding]]		[[Image:tri-kclub.jpg\|right\|thumb\|200px\|Members of the Tri-K Club parade near Dubuque circa 1920. Photo courtesy: Bob Reding]]

Randylyon at 01:49, 7 May 2023

2023-05-07T01:49:50Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 01:49, 7 May 2023
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	Limited in membership to white Protestant men, the organization's membership peaked nationally in 1925 with an estimated five million members.		Limited in membership to white Protestant men, the organization's membership peaked nationally in 1925 with an estimated five million members.

	The Klan’s peak year in Iowa was in 1924 when the organization influenced many elections across the country, including an Iowa race for the United States Senate. The Klan assisted the campaigns of many school board members, succeeding in electing representatives of their point of view; in 1926 many of them were voted out. (3)		In 1923 the Dubuque post of the American Legion went on record opposing the KKK. The members of the post were encouraged to "strive to effect its destruction." This action was in keeping with similar actions taken across the state by other Legion posts. Bills were introduced in the Iowa Legislature to make the KKK illegal and gave the state the authority to dissolve the organization. (3)

			The Klan’s peak year in Iowa was in 1924 when the organization influenced many elections across the country, including an Iowa race for the United States Senate. The Klan assisted the campaigns of many school board members, succeeding in electing representatives of their point of view; in 1926 many of them were voted out. (4)

	[[Image:P1000499.jpg\|left\|thumb\|150px\|Front of K.K.K. Hero Cross. Photo courtesy: Bob Reding.]]		[[Image:P1000499.jpg\|left\|thumb\|150px\|Front of K.K.K. Hero Cross. Photo courtesy: Bob Reding.]]
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	2. Neymeyer, Robert. "The Ku Klux Klan of the 1920s in the Midwest and West: A Review Essay,: The Annals of Iowa, Vol. 51, Number 6 (Fall, 1992), p. 631		2. Neymeyer, Robert. "The Ku Klux Klan of the 1920s in the Midwest and West: A Review Essay,: The Annals of Iowa, Vol. 51, Number 6 (Fall, 1992), p. 631

	3. "~~The Story of the~~ Ku Klux Klan.~~.."~~		3. "Local Legion Opens War on Ku Klux Klan," ''The Telegraph Herald,'' February 13, 1923, p. 1

	4. Chaichian, Mohammad A. '''White Racism on the Western Frontier: Dynamics of Race and Class in Dubuque, Iowa (180-2000)''', Trenton, NJ.: Africa World Press, Inc., 2006, p. 121		4. Chaichian, Mohammad A. '''White Racism on the Western Frontier: Dynamics of Race and Class in Dubuque, Iowa (180-2000)''', Trenton, NJ.: Africa World Press, Inc., 2006, p. 121

Randylyon at 04:27, 23 September 2017

2017-09-23T04:27:27Z

Randylyon at 04:24, 23 September 2017

2017-09-23T04:24:21Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 04:24, 23 September 2017
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	[[Image:KKK1.jpeg\|left\|thumb\|250px\|]]		[[Image:KKK1.jpeg\|left\|thumb\|250px\|]]
	[[Image:KKK2.jpeg\|left\|thumb\|250px\|]]		[[Image:KKK2.jpeg\|left\|thumb\|250px\|]]
	[[Image:KKK3.~~jpg~~\|left\|thumb\|250px\|]]		[[Image:KKK3.jpeg\|left\|thumb\|250px\|]]
	Dubuqueland chapters of the Klan varied from extreme patriotic clubs to fervently anti-Catholic groups. A pamphlet entitled "100 Percent American Songs" was distributed in 1920 by the Dubuque Kounty Klan Kuartette. The following are abbreviations of the songs:		Dubuqueland chapters of the Klan varied from extreme patriotic clubs to fervently anti-Catholic groups. A pamphlet entitled "100 Percent American Songs" was distributed in 1920 by the Dubuque Kounty Klan Kuartette. The following are abbreviations of the songs:

Randylyon at 04:23, 23 September 2017

2017-09-23T04:23:52Z

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 The beginning of a serious Klan movement in Iowa came in 1920 when a paid recruiter was hired. The Klan supported what they called “clean living” and attacked “dope, bootlegging, graft, night clubs and road houses, violation of the Sabbath, unfair business dealings, sex, marital 'goings-on,' and scandalous behavior." (1) Iowa had a strong Klan presence with "klaverns" established in Anamosa,Creston, Des Moines, Dubuque, Greenfield, Perry, and Vinton among others. (2)
 [[Image:review.jpg|left|thumb|250px|Members are reviewed by another member during a konklave. Photo courtesy: Bob Reding]]
 With the rebirth of the movement came the familiar secrecy and white cloaks. Members attended "konklaves" and sang "klodes."
 Dubuqueland chapters of the Klan varied from extreme patriotic clubs to fervently anti-Catholic groups. A pamphlet entitled "100 Percent American Songs" was distributed in 1920 by the Dubuque Kounty Klan Kuartette. The following are abbreviations of the songs:
 Limited in membership to white Protestant men, the organization's membership peaked nationally in 1925 with an estimated five million members.

Randylyon at 01:19, 1 July 2017

2017-07-01T01:19:33Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 01:19, 1 July 2017
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	By 1927 membership in the Klan had begun to decline although some merchants continued to encourage business with the sign "TWK" (Trade with Klansmen) in their windows. The Klan associated bootlegging and illicit drinking with Catholics and often joined federal agents on raids of stills to further its bigoted philosophies on what it meant to be an American. (16) This activity was associated with Carroll and Audubon counties, however, and not linked to Dubuque.		By 1927 membership in the Klan had begun to decline although some merchants continued to encourage business with the sign "TWK" (Trade with Klansmen) in their windows. The Klan associated bootlegging and illicit drinking with Catholics and often joined federal agents on raids of stills to further its bigoted philosophies on what it meant to be an American. (16) This activity was associated with Carroll and Audubon counties, however, and not linked to Dubuque.

	The only organization in the 1920s that openly disapproved of the Klan in Dubuque was the [[AMERICAN LEGION]]. Its stand "disapproving of the Ku Klux Klan" and urging its members to strive to effect its destruction," was reported in the ''Dubuque Telegraph Herald'' in 1923. (17) In Des Moines, the Legion worked for the passage of the Yenter Anti-Mask Bill as an amendment to the Iowa Constitution. The bill made it a misdemeanor for any person wearing a mask in order to "prowl, travel, ride, or walk within the state to the disturbance of the people or to the intimidation of any person." (18)		[[Image:1930kkk.png\|left\|thumb\|200px\|1930 meeting notice. Photo courtesy: Telegraph Herald]]The only organization in the 1920s that openly disapproved of the Klan in Dubuque was the [[AMERICAN LEGION]]. Its stand "disapproving of the Ku Klux Klan" and urging its members to strive to effect its destruction," was reported in the ''Dubuque Telegraph Herald'' in 1923. (17) In Des Moines, the Legion worked for the passage of the Yenter Anti-Mask Bill as an amendment to the Iowa Constitution. The bill made it a misdemeanor for any person wearing a mask in order to "prowl, travel, ride, or walk within the state to the disturbance of the people or to the intimidation of any person." (18)

	In December 1965 [[ELLSWORTH, Theodore Richards\|Theodore Richards ELLSWORTH]] accompanied his friend and Saturday Evening Post writer Stewart Alsop and photographer Ollie Atkins on a reporting assignment inside the Klan in North Carolina. Ellsworth was suspected of being an F.B.I. agent until his showed a newspaper clipping of his war record and said his wife was a Goldwater delegate to the Republican convention. Ellsworth found klan membership was usually passed down from father to son and disguised by reference to belonging to an "improvement society" or "sporting group." (19)		In December 1965 [[ELLSWORTH, Theodore Richards\|Theodore Richards ELLSWORTH]] accompanied his friend and Saturday Evening Post writer Stewart Alsop and photographer Ollie Atkins on a reporting assignment inside the Klan in North Carolina. Ellsworth was suspected of being an F.B.I. agent until his showed a newspaper clipping of his war record and said his wife was a Goldwater delegate to the Republican convention. Ellsworth found klan membership was usually passed down from father to son and disguised by reference to belonging to an "improvement society" or "sporting group." (19)

Randylyon at 02:03, 31 May 2017

2017-05-31T02:03:30Z

Show changes

Randylyon at 01:49, 31 May 2017

2017-05-31T01:49:57Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 01:49, 31 May 2017
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	'''Song No. 3''' "Composed by the Dubuque County Quartette"		'''Song No. 3''' "Composed by the Dubuque County Quartette"
	"I'd rather be a Klansman, In a robe of snowy white,		"I'd rather be a Klansman, In a robe of snowy white,
	Than be a Roman Catholic Priest, In a robe as dark as night."		Than be a Roman Catholic Priest,
			In a robe as dark as night."

	............		............

Randylyon at 01:49, 31 May 2017

2017-05-31T01:49:21Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 01:49, 31 May 2017
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	With the rebirth of the movement came the familiar secrecy and white cloaks. Members attended "konklaves" and sang "klodes."		With the rebirth of the movement came the familiar secrecy and white cloaks. Members attended "konklaves" and sang "klodes."

	A songbook found in 2017 contained the following:		A songbook found in 2017 contained the following (abbreviated) songs:
	The first, or cover, page of this "songbook" read:		The first, or cover, page of this "songbook" read:
	100%		100%
	American		American Songs
	Songs		as sung by
	as sung by		Dubuque
	Dubuque
	Kounty		Kounty
	Klan		Klan
	Kuartette		Kuartette

	~~Inside on page 2 was:~~		'''Song No. 1''' (to the tune of "The Old Rugged Cross")
	'''Song No. 1''' (~~to be sung~~ to the tune of "The Old Rugged Cross") ~~titled~~ "The Bright, Fiery Cross"		"The Bright, Fiery Cross"
	On a hill far away burns a Bright Fiery Cross		On a hill far away burns a Bright Fiery Cross
	The emblem of those that are free,		The emblem of those that are free,
	........		........
	........		........
	Chorus --- So we'll cherish that bright Fiery Cross		Chorus --- So we'll cherish that bright Fiery Cross
	Till this whole U.S.A. we have won		Till this whole U.S.A. we have won
	We will cherish that Bright Fiery Cross		We will cherish that Bright Fiery Cross
	And defend it until we are done.		And defend it until we are done.
	(Two more verses.)		(Two more verses.)

	'''Song No. 2''': ~~--- flat out~~ THE KU KLUX KLAN (to the tune of "The Rosary")		'''Song No. 2''': THE KU KLUX KLAN
	~~It goes on to pretty much bash~~ "Jews, Bootleggers, and weak-kneed man,"		(to the tune of "The Rosary" it bashes
	..........		"Jews, Bootleggers, and weak-kneed man,"
	~~and also:~~ "The Pope sits on his throne and wails,		..........
	When we ignite the cross ---- of Christ."		"The Pope sits on his throne and wails,
			When we ignite the cross ---- of Christ."

	~~and by defending the KKK~~ "When attacked by hoodlum Roman Catholics,"		"When attacked by hoodlum Roman Catholics,"

	'''Song No. 3''' ~~also attacked~~ the ~~Catholics:~~		'''Song No. 3''' "Composed by the Dubuque County Quartette"
	"I'd rather be a Klansman, In a robe of snowy white,		"I'd rather be a Klansman, In a robe of snowy white,
	Than be a Roman Catholic Priest, In a robe as dark as night."		Than be a Roman Catholic Priest, In a robe as dark as night."

	............		............

	'''Song No. 4''': ~~---~~ KLUXING 'ROUND THE ROMANS ---		'''Song No. 4''': KLUXING 'ROUND THE ROMANS ---
	~~(Is the 4th of the 6 songs, 3 being "Composed by the Dubuque County Quartette")~~
	~~" ........~~
	Kluxing round the Romans gives us all a hearty smile."		Kluxing round the Romans gives us all a hearty smile."

	etc.....		etc.....


	'''Song No. 5''' KEEP OUR PUBLIC SCHOOL BELLS RINGING		'''Song No. 5''' KEEP OUR PUBLIC SCHOOL BELLS RINGING
	apparently by keeping the Holy Bible there while NOT endorsing parochial schools.		apparently by keeping the Holy Bible there while NOT
			endorsing parochial schools.

	Limited in membership to white Protestant men, the organization's membership peaked nationally in 1925 with an estimated five million members.		Limited in membership to white Protestant men, the organization's membership peaked nationally in 1925 with an estimated five million members.

Randylyon at 01:37, 31 May 2017

2017-05-31T01:37:27Z

@@ Line 9: / Line 9: @@
 [[Image:review.jpg|left|thumb|250px|Members are reviewed by another member during a konklave. Photo courtesy: Bob Reding]]
-With the rebirth of the movement came the familiar secrecy and white cloaks. Members attended "konklaves" and sang "klodes." Limited in membership to white Protestant men, the organization's membership peaked nationally in 1925 with an estimated five million members.
+With the rebirth of the movement came the familiar secrecy and white cloaks. Members attended "konklaves" and sang "klodes."
 The Klan’s peak year in Iowa was in 1924 when the organization influenced many elections across the country, including an Iowa race for the United States Senate. The Klan assisted the campaigns of many school board members, succeeding in electing representatives of their point of view; in 1926 many of them were voted out. (3)

← Older revision		Revision as of 01:51, 7 May 2023
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	[[Image:P1000499.jpg\|left\|thumb\|150px\|Front of K.K.K. Hero Cross. Photo courtesy: Bob Reding.]]		[[Image:P1000499.jpg\|left\|thumb\|150px\|Front of K.K.K. Hero Cross. Photo courtesy: Bob Reding.]]
	[Image:kkkreceipt.jpg\|right\|thumb\|250px\|Photo courtesy: Tombstone (AZ) Museum]]		[[Image:kkkreceipt.jpg\|right\|thumb\|250px\|Photo courtesy: Tombstone (AZ) Museum]]
	[[Image:P1000500.jpg\|left\|thumb\|150px\|Reverse of medal. Photo courtesy: Bob Reding]]		[[Image:P1000500.jpg\|left\|thumb\|150px\|Reverse of medal. Photo courtesy: Bob Reding]]
	[[Image:tri-kclub.jpg\|right\|thumb\|200px\|Members of the Tri-K Club parade near Dubuque circa 1920. Photo courtesy: Bob Reding]]		[[Image:tri-kclub.jpg\|right\|thumb\|200px\|Members of the Tri-K Club parade near Dubuque circa 1920. Photo courtesy: Bob Reding]]

← Older revision		Revision as of 04:27, 23 September 2017
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	[[Image:P1000499.jpg\|left\|thumb\|150px\|Front of K.K.K. Hero Cross. Photo courtesy: Bob Reding.]]		[[Image:P1000499.jpg\|left\|thumb\|150px\|Front of K.K.K. Hero Cross. Photo courtesy: Bob Reding.]]
			[Image:kkkreceipt.jpg\|right\|thumb\|250px\|Photo courtesy: Tombstone (AZ) Museum]]
	[[Image:P1000500.jpg\|left\|thumb\|150px\|Reverse of medal. Photo courtesy: Bob Reding]]		[[Image:P1000500.jpg\|left\|thumb\|150px\|Reverse of medal. Photo courtesy: Bob Reding]]
	[[Image:tri-kclub.jpg\|~~left~~\|thumb\|200px\|Members of the Tri-K Club parade near Dubuque circa 1920. Photo courtesy: Bob Reding]]		[[Image:tri-kclub.jpg\|right\|thumb\|200px\|Members of the Tri-K Club parade near Dubuque circa 1920. Photo courtesy: Bob Reding]]

	Local reaction to the Klan included an attempt in April 1924, to break up a meeting. Several anti-Klan participants were arrested and three were injured. In the same year on August 10th, ''Tolerance'', a Chicago newspaper published the names of twenty-eight Dubuque residents it believed were members of the Dubuque Klan. In response, eight of the men named took out an advertisement in the ''Telegraph Herald'', denying their Klan membership and offering a $5,000 reward to the Chicago paper or anyone who could produce evidence to substantiate the charges or even that any of them had attend a Klan meeting. (5)		Local reaction to the Klan included an attempt in April 1924, to break up a meeting. Several anti-Klan participants were arrested and three were injured. In the same year on August 10th, ''Tolerance'', a Chicago newspaper published the names of twenty-eight Dubuque residents it believed were members of the Dubuque Klan. In response, eight of the men named took out an advertisement in the ''Telegraph Herald'', denying their Klan membership and offering a $5,000 reward to the Chicago paper or anyone who could produce evidence to substantiate the charges or even that any of them had attend a Klan meeting. (5)
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	By 1927 membership in the Klan had begun to decline although some merchants continued to encourage business with the sign "TWK" (Trade with Klansmen) in their windows. The Klan associated bootlegging and illicit drinking with Catholics and often joined federal agents on raids of stills to further its bigoted philosophies on what it meant to be an American. (16) This activity was associated with Carroll and Audubon counties, however, and not linked to Dubuque.		By 1927 membership in the Klan had begun to decline although some merchants continued to encourage business with the sign "TWK" (Trade with Klansmen) in their windows. The Klan associated bootlegging and illicit drinking with Catholics and often joined federal agents on raids of stills to further its bigoted philosophies on what it meant to be an American. (16) This activity was associated with Carroll and Audubon counties, however, and not linked to Dubuque.

	[[Image:1930kkk.png\|~~left~~\|thumb\|200px\|1930 meeting notice. Photo courtesy: Telegraph Herald]]The only organization in the 1920s that openly disapproved of the Klan in Dubuque was the [[AMERICAN LEGION]]. Its stand "disapproving of the Ku Klux Klan" and urging its members to strive to effect its destruction," was reported in the ''Dubuque Telegraph Herald'' in 1923. (17) In Des Moines, the Legion worked for the passage of the Yenter Anti-Mask Bill as an amendment to the Iowa Constitution. The bill made it a misdemeanor for any person wearing a mask in order to "prowl, travel, ride, or walk within the state to the disturbance of the people or to the intimidation of any person." (18)		[[Image:1930kkk.png\|right\|thumb\|200px\|1930 meeting notice. Photo courtesy: Telegraph Herald]]The only organization in the 1920s that openly disapproved of the Klan in Dubuque was the [[AMERICAN LEGION]]. Its stand "disapproving of the Ku Klux Klan" and urging its members to strive to effect its destruction," was reported in the ''Dubuque Telegraph Herald'' in 1923. (17) In Des Moines, the Legion worked for the passage of the Yenter Anti-Mask Bill as an amendment to the Iowa Constitution. The bill made it a misdemeanor for any person wearing a mask in order to "prowl, travel, ride, or walk within the state to the disturbance of the people or to the intimidation of any person." (18)

	In December 1965 [[ELLSWORTH, Theodore Richards\|Theodore Richards ELLSWORTH]] accompanied his friend and Saturday Evening Post writer Stewart Alsop and photographer Ollie Atkins on a reporting assignment inside the Klan in North Carolina. Ellsworth was suspected of being an F.B.I. agent until his showed a newspaper clipping of his war record and said his wife was a Goldwater delegate to the Republican convention. Ellsworth found klan membership was usually passed down from father to son and disguised by reference to belonging to an "improvement society" or "sporting group." (19)		In December 1965 [[ELLSWORTH, Theodore Richards\|Theodore Richards ELLSWORTH]] accompanied his friend and Saturday Evening Post writer Stewart Alsop and photographer Ollie Atkins on a reporting assignment inside the Klan in North Carolina. Ellsworth was suspected of being an F.B.I. agent until his showed a newspaper clipping of his war record and said his wife was a Goldwater delegate to the Republican convention. Ellsworth found klan membership was usually passed down from father to son and disguised by reference to belonging to an "improvement society" or "sporting group." (19)
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	When the city council in May 1990 adopted an plan to attract 100 black families in hopes of adding diversity to the city of 58,000 people, a backlash of fear and intolerance erupted. Five crosses were burned around town between September and November. During the first week of November, uniformed police officers stood guard at [[DUBUQUE SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL]] after racial fights broke out. Racial epithets were scrawled on buildings across town, some proclaiming "the New KKK." There was no evidence, however, that the Klan was really organized in Dubuque. A chapter of the NAACP had been organized in Dubuque in 1989 and was able to rally public opinion against such actions. (21)		When the city council in May 1990 adopted an plan to attract 100 black families in hopes of adding diversity to the city of 58,000 people, a backlash of fear and intolerance erupted. Five crosses were burned around town between September and November. During the first week of November, uniformed police officers stood guard at [[DUBUQUE SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL]] after racial fights broke out. Racial epithets were scrawled on buildings across town, some proclaiming "the New KKK." There was no evidence, however, that the Klan was really organized in Dubuque. A chapter of the NAACP had been organized in Dubuque in 1989 and was able to rally public opinion against such actions. (21)

	[~~[Image:kkkreceipt.jpg\|right\|thumb\|250px\|Photo courtesy: Tombstone (AZ) Museum]]~~On November 30, 1991 an estimated two hundred people attended a rally with Thomas Robb, a national leader of the KKK, following ten cross burnings in the city. The local chapter of the National Association of Colored People (NAACP) held a counter rally to protest the cross burnings and Robb's visit. (22)		[On November 30, 1991 an estimated two hundred people attended a rally with Thomas Robb, a national leader of the KKK, following ten cross burnings in the city. The local chapter of the National Association of Colored People (NAACP) held a counter rally to protest the cross burnings and Robb's visit. (22)

	In 2015 the Anti-Defamation League listed Iowa as "being notable for active or growing Klan chapters." In the same year, however, the Southern Poverty Law Center, showed only Ames as a city in Iowa in which the KKK was known to operate. (23)		In 2015 the Anti-Defamation League listed Iowa as "being notable for active or growing Klan chapters." In the same year, however, the Southern Poverty Law Center, showed only Ames as a city in Iowa in which the KKK was known to operate. (23)