https://www.encyclopediadubuque.org/index.php?action=history&feed=atom&title=INFLUENZAINFLUENZA - Revision history2026-05-07T16:51:30ZRevision history for this page on the wikiMediaWiki 1.45.1https://www.encyclopediadubuque.org/index.php?title=INFLUENZA&diff=165786&oldid=prevRandylyon at 18:54, 20 January 20212021-01-20T18:54:44Z<p></p>
<a href="https://www.encyclopediadubuque.org/index.php?title=INFLUENZA&diff=165786&oldid=165533">Show changes</a>Randylyonhttps://www.encyclopediadubuque.org/index.php?title=INFLUENZA&diff=165533&oldid=prevRandylyon at 19:52, 1 January 20212021-01-01T19:52:58Z<p></p>
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<td colspan="2" style="background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;">Revision as of 19:52, 1 January 2021</td>
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<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Archbishop [[KEANE, James J.|James J. KEANE]] instructed priests to consider offering a low Mass for Christmas with a very brief sermon. All churches were to ensure adequate ventilation. The concern lasted a long time with Lenten Regulations in 1920 repeating concerns about flu and holding services. (5)</div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Archbishop [[KEANE, James J.|James J. KEANE]] instructed priests to consider offering a low Mass for Christmas with a very brief sermon. All churches were to ensure adequate ventilation. The concern lasted a long time with Lenten Regulations in 1920 repeating concerns about flu and holding services. (5)</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>It is considered likely that the pandemic was called "Spanish flu" as a result of [[WORLD WAR I]]<del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">. Countries actively involved in the war did nothing to encourage their enemies</del>. Illness and death reports from Germany, Austria, France, England, and the United States were suppressed. Spain, with no need to hide its information, made full reports and was therefore unfairly considered the source of the illness. Theories as to where the disease originated have blamed East Asia, Europe and even Kansas which had gained a national reputation for its campaign against [[TUBERCULOSIS]]. (6)</div></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>It is considered likely that the pandemic was called "Spanish flu" as a result of [[WORLD WAR I]]. Illness and death reports from Germany, Austria, France, England, and the United States were suppressed. Spain, with no need to hide its information, made full reports and was therefore unfairly considered the source of the illness. Theories as to where the disease originated have blamed East Asia, Europe and even Kansas which<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">, ironically, </ins>had gained a national reputation for its campaign against [[TUBERCULOSIS]]. (6)</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Beginning in 2016 Professor Kristin Anderson-Bricker, professor of [[LORAS COLLEGE]], and her students undertook a lengthy study of the 1918 flu epidemic. Her conclusion was that the disease was carried to Europe in the respiratory system of American soldiers. Finding conditions there ideal with the crowded conditions, it mutated into a killer. This was returned to the United States with returning soldiers. Attacking the lower portion of the lung, the disease was attacked so powerfully by the immune system the tissue of the lung was destroyed. (7)</div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Beginning in 2016 Professor Kristin Anderson-Bricker, professor of [[LORAS COLLEGE]], and her students undertook a lengthy study of the 1918 flu epidemic. Her conclusion was that the disease was carried to Europe in the respiratory system of American soldiers. Finding conditions there ideal with the crowded conditions, it mutated into a killer. This was returned to the United States with returning soldiers. Attacking the lower portion of the lung, the disease was attacked so powerfully by the immune system the tissue of the lung was destroyed. (7)</div></td></tr>
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<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Dr. Anderson-Bricker of [[LORAS COLLEGE]] in pioneering research with her students worked to develop the definitive study of the disease in Dubuque. Their efforts found in October, 1918 more than 1,500 reported cases and 37 confirmed deaths. (9) In an e-mail of December, 2020 she noted that the Communicable Disease Book of Dubuque, the official record, reported 46 deaths by the end of 1918. Through research of obituaries, however, her students found 88 additional deaths not recorded in the official record bringing the total to 134 deaths. (10) </div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Dr. Anderson-Bricker of [[LORAS COLLEGE]] in pioneering research with her students worked to develop the definitive study of the disease in Dubuque. Their efforts found in October, 1918 more than 1,500 reported cases and 37 confirmed deaths. (9) In an e-mail of December, 2020 she noted that the Communicable Disease Book of Dubuque, the official record, reported 46 deaths by the end of 1918. Through research of obituaries, however, her students found 88 additional deaths not recorded in the official record bringing the total to 134 deaths. (10) </div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>City officials declared the city closed. (11) State health officials also ordered the closing of all theaters, schools, churches, movies, and lodge rooms across the state. The Iowa State Board of Health in its final report indicated that influenza claimed 6,116 lives with another 3,085 dying of pneumonia, a disease that frequently followed flu. (12) </div></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">[[File:ISU.png|300px|thumb|left|Cots set up in the gymnasium of Iowa State University were used to accommodate those ill with influenza in 1918.]]</ins>City officials declared the city closed. (11) State health officials also ordered the closing of all theaters, schools, churches, movies, and lodge rooms across the state. The Iowa State Board of Health in its final report indicated that influenza claimed 6,116 lives with another 3,085 dying of pneumonia, a disease that frequently followed flu. (12) </div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Among the agencies taking an active role in caring for the ill was the [[DUBUQUE VISITING NURSE ASSOCIATION]] which maintained a twenty-four hour answering service at its office in the [[BANK AND INSURANCE BUILDING]] and operated a "motor service" through the efforts of W. H. Gunn. (13)</div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Among the agencies taking an active role in caring for the ill was the [[DUBUQUE VISITING NURSE ASSOCIATION]] which maintained a twenty-four hour answering service at its office in the [[BANK AND INSURANCE BUILDING]] and operated a "motor service" through the efforts of W. H. Gunn. (13)</div></td></tr>
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<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Newspapers of the time were filled with advertisement for products which claimed to prevent an individual from catching the flu. Will's Cascara Bromide Quinine should be taken "at the first sign of a cold." "Anointing" the nose "to protect delicate membranes" was a frequently suggested course of action. Nature's Remedy, a laxative, promised that keeping the organs of digestion and elimination active would protect a person from the illness. De Vilbiss Atomizers promised that "Spanish influenza is preventable" while Munyon's Inhaler was said to "cure" influenza and all diseases of the throat and lungs.</div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Newspapers of the time were filled with advertisement for products which claimed to prevent an individual from catching the flu. Will's Cascara Bromide Quinine should be taken "at the first sign of a cold." "Anointing" the nose "to protect delicate membranes" was a frequently suggested course of action. Nature's Remedy, a laxative, promised that keeping the organs of digestion and elimination active would protect a person from the illness. De Vilbiss Atomizers promised that "Spanish influenza is preventable" while Munyon's Inhaler was said to "cure" influenza and all diseases of the throat and lungs.</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>On October 1st, <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">Spanish </del>influenza became a disease requiring the use of quarantine according to state health regulations. The rules specified that the quarantine would be maintained until the infected people had a complete recovery certified to in writing by the attending physician or three days had passed after the temperature returned to normal. Upon recovery, the patient was to have a complete change of clothing with the items worn during illness aired in the sun for at least eight hours. The house was to be aired for the same amount of time. (14)</div></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>On October 1st, influenza became a disease requiring the use of quarantine according to state health regulations. The rules specified that the quarantine would be maintained until the infected people had a complete recovery certified to in writing by the attending physician or three days had passed after the temperature returned to normal. Upon recovery, the patient was to have a complete change of clothing with the items worn during illness aired in the sun for at least eight hours. The house was to be aired for the same amount of time. (14)</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>In February, 1920 the United States Surgeon General telegraphed each state health commissioner with three directives. First, the United States Board of Health and the State Board of Health ordered that all new cases of influenza and pneumonia must be promptly reported to the local board of health and victims quarantined. This information was to be promptly reported by telegram to the State Board of Health. Deaths were to be reported in the same manner. The State Board of Health reported this information daily to the United States Board of Health. Secondly, people were to avoid crowds and breathing into the faces of others. Third, undertakers were forbidden to hold public funerals for those who had died of influenza or pneumonia nor would the bodies of such people be exposed to the public in any way. The Iowa state health officer also wrote to the city council asking that physicians correctly identify Spanish influenza by that name and no other. Posters were available with the symptoms of the illness. (15)</div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>In February, 1920 the United States Surgeon General telegraphed each state health commissioner with three directives. First, the United States Board of Health and the State Board of Health ordered that all new cases of influenza and pneumonia must be promptly reported to the local board of health and victims quarantined. This information was to be promptly reported by telegram to the State Board of Health. Deaths were to be reported in the same manner. The State Board of Health reported this information daily to the United States Board of Health. Secondly, people were to avoid crowds and breathing into the faces of others. Third, undertakers were forbidden to hold public funerals for those who had died of influenza or pneumonia nor would the bodies of such people be exposed to the public in any way. The Iowa state health officer also wrote to the city council asking that physicians correctly identify Spanish influenza by that name and no other. Posters were available with the symptoms of the illness. (15)</div></td></tr>
</table>Randylyonhttps://www.encyclopediadubuque.org/index.php?title=INFLUENZA&diff=165531&oldid=prevRandylyon at 19:45, 1 January 20212021-01-01T19:45:01Z<p></p>
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<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>One week prior to the epidemic of flu beginning in Iowa, the National Swine Show and Exposition opened in Cedar Rapids on September 30, 1918. Within days some of the swine were showing symptoms of an illness being carried to other pigs. The show was quickly closed. J. S Koen, a livestock inspector in the U. S. Bureau of Animal Industry from Fort Dodge, noticed that the illness seemed similar to human influenza and coined the term "swine flu." Hog producers were outraged, but Koen stuck to his term noting the similarity with human flu and the coincidence between the human flu and the one occurring in hogs. (8)</div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>One week prior to the epidemic of flu beginning in Iowa, the National Swine Show and Exposition opened in Cedar Rapids on September 30, 1918. Within days some of the swine were showing symptoms of an illness being carried to other pigs. The show was quickly closed. J. S Koen, a livestock inspector in the U. S. Bureau of Animal Industry from Fort Dodge, noticed that the illness seemed similar to human influenza and coined the term "swine flu." Hog producers were outraged, but Koen stuck to his term noting the similarity with human flu and the coincidence between the human flu and the one occurring in hogs. (8)</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Anderson-Bricker<del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">'s </del>pioneering research with her students <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">into </del>the disease found in October, 1918 more than 1,500 reported cases and 37 confirmed deaths. (9) In an e-mail of December, 2020 she noted that the Communicable Disease Book of Dubuque, the official record, reported 46 deaths <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">in </del>1918. Through research of obituaries, however, her students found 88 additional deaths not recorded in the official record bringing the total to 134 deaths. (10) </div></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">Dr. </ins>Anderson-Bricker <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">of [[LORAS COLLEGE]] in </ins>pioneering research with her students <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">worked to develop the definitive study of </ins>the disease <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">in Dubuque. Their efforts </ins>found in October, 1918 more than 1,500 reported cases and 37 confirmed deaths. (9) In an e-mail of December, 2020 she noted that the Communicable Disease Book of Dubuque, the official record, reported 46 deaths <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">by the end of </ins>1918. Through research of obituaries, however, her students found 88 additional deaths not recorded in the official record bringing the total to 134 deaths. (10) </div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>City officials declared the city closed. (11) State health officials also ordered the closing of all theaters, schools, churches, movies, and lodge rooms across the state. The Iowa State Board of Health in its final report indicated that influenza claimed 6,116 lives with another 3,085 dying of pneumonia, a disease that frequently followed flu. (12) </div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>City officials declared the city closed. (11) State health officials also ordered the closing of all theaters, schools, churches, movies, and lodge rooms across the state. The Iowa State Board of Health in its final report indicated that influenza claimed 6,116 lives with another 3,085 dying of pneumonia, a disease that frequently followed flu. (12) </div></td></tr>
</table>Randylyonhttps://www.encyclopediadubuque.org/index.php?title=INFLUENZA&diff=165530&oldid=prevRandylyon at 19:36, 1 January 20212021-01-01T19:36:34Z<p></p>
<a href="https://www.encyclopediadubuque.org/index.php?title=INFLUENZA&diff=165530&oldid=165529">Show changes</a>Randylyonhttps://www.encyclopediadubuque.org/index.php?title=INFLUENZA&diff=165529&oldid=prevRandylyon at 19:13, 1 January 20212021-01-01T19:13:23Z<p></p>
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<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Beginning in 2016 Professor Kristin Anderson-Bricker, professor of [[LORAS COLLEGE]], and her students undertook a lengthy study of the 1918 flu epidemic. Her conclusion was that the disease was carried to Europe in the respiratory system of American soldiers. Finding conditions there ideal with the crowded conditions, it mutated into a killer. This was returned to the United States with returning soldiers. Attacking the lower portion of the lung, the disease was attacked so powerfully by the immune system the tissue of the lung was destroyed. (7)</div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Beginning in 2016 Professor Kristin Anderson-Bricker, professor of [[LORAS COLLEGE]], and her students undertook a lengthy study of the 1918 flu epidemic. Her conclusion was that the disease was carried to Europe in the respiratory system of American soldiers. Finding conditions there ideal with the crowded conditions, it mutated into a killer. This was returned to the United States with returning soldiers. Attacking the lower portion of the lung, the disease was attacked so powerfully by the immune system the tissue of the lung was destroyed. (7)</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>One week prior to the epidemic of flu beginning in Iowa, the National Swine Show and Exposition opened in Cedar Rapids on September 30, 1918. Within days some of the swine were showing symptoms of an illness being carried to other pigs. The show was quickly closed. J. S Koen, a livestock inspector in the U. S. Bureau of Animal Industry from Fort Dodge, noticed that the illness seemed similar to human influenza<del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">. He </del>coined the term "swine flu." Hog producers were outraged, but Koen stuck to his term noting the similarity with human flu and the coincidence between the human flu and the one occurring in hogs. (8)</div></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>One week prior to the epidemic of flu beginning in Iowa, the National Swine Show and Exposition opened in Cedar Rapids on September 30, 1918. Within days some of the swine were showing symptoms of an illness being carried to other pigs. The show was quickly closed. J. S Koen, a livestock inspector in the U. S. Bureau of Animal Industry from Fort Dodge, noticed that the illness seemed similar to human influenza <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">and </ins>coined the term "swine flu." Hog producers were outraged, but Koen stuck to his term noting the similarity with human flu and the coincidence between the human flu and the one occurring in hogs. (8)</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">In Dubuque the influenza epidemic of 1918 ranks as one of the city's worse health events. The population had already witnessed 611 deaths from the disease in 1917. </del>Anderson-Bricker's research found in October, 1918 more than 1,500 reported cases and 37 confirmed deaths. (9) City officials declared the city closed. (10) State health officials ordered all theaters, schools, churches, movies, and lodge rooms across the state closed. The Iowa State Board of Health in its final report indicated that influenza claimed 6,116 lives with another 3,085 dying of pneumonia, a disease that frequently followed flu. (11) </div></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Anderson-Bricker's research found in October, 1918 more than 1,500 reported cases and 37 confirmed deaths. (9) City officials declared the city closed. (10) State health officials ordered all theaters, schools, churches, movies, and lodge rooms across the state closed. The Iowa State Board of Health in its final report indicated that influenza claimed 6,116 lives with another 3,085 dying of pneumonia, a disease that frequently followed flu. (11) </div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>In Dubuque, 823 people died. Among the agencies taking an active role in caring for the ill was the [[DUBUQUE VISITING NURSE ASSOCIATION]] which maintained a twenty-four hour answering service at its office in the [[BANK AND INSURANCE BUILDING]] and operated a "motor service" through the efforts of W. H. Gunn. (12)</div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>In Dubuque, 823 people died. Among the agencies taking an active role in caring for the ill was the [[DUBUQUE VISITING NURSE ASSOCIATION]] which maintained a twenty-four hour answering service at its office in the [[BANK AND INSURANCE BUILDING]] and operated a "motor service" through the efforts of W. H. Gunn. (12)</div></td></tr>
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<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>6. Gunderman, Richard. "What We Can Learn 100 Years Later from the 1918 Flu Pandemic," The Conversation. Online: https://www.cnn.com/2018/01/29/health/1918-flu-history-partner/index.html</div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>6. Gunderman, Richard. "What We Can Learn 100 Years Later from the 1918 Flu Pandemic," The Conversation. Online: https://www.cnn.com/2018/01/29/health/1918-flu-history-partner/index.html</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>7. Jacobson, Ben. "100 Years Later, Loras Class Digs into Deadly 1918 Flu Outbreak," Telegraph Herald, February 4, 2018, Online: http://www.telegraphherald.com/news/tri-state/article_f40c3a99-82b1-5fcc-8687-194e7203a3f9.html?sp-tk=F4DAAABA26218FBE5FC14F02EECF27E22D98C28FD11B71FE46FE6641CDAB159BA554009F74E2A8264C0C0E8EF0E8C911CE8C04AF255EA31EC3ADAA01A4F9AFCC8401B9BDF609EF25B2AB9276422269CB84E2BBF6F0C3728599776D90D9F5C333E22ED3333E171EA2955EED122CB6059A5A37ABEDC62170C334F49BF17663A80FB8B591E1C1F0D71AB54C44609F1387A188589E8F</div></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>7. Jacobson, Ben. "100 Years Later, Loras Class Digs into Deadly 1918 Flu Outbreak," <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">''</ins>Telegraph Herald<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">''</ins>, February 4, 2018, Online: http://www.telegraphherald.com/news/tri-state/article_f40c3a99-82b1-5fcc-8687-194e7203a3f9.html?sp-tk=F4DAAABA26218FBE5FC14F02EECF27E22D98C28FD11B71FE46FE6641CDAB159BA554009F74E2A8264C0C0E8EF0E8C911CE8C04AF255EA31EC3ADAA01A4F9AFCC8401B9BDF609EF25B2AB9276422269CB84E2BBF6F0C3728599776D90D9F5C333E22ED3333E171EA2955EED122CB6059A5A37ABEDC62170C334F49BF17663A80FB8B591E1C1F0D71AB54C44609F1387A188589E8F</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>8. Currier, Russell W. "People and Pigs: Iowa's Role in 20th-Century Influenza History," Online: https://www.iowapha.org/Resources/Documents/People%20and%20Bigs%20Iowas%20Role%20in%2020th%20Century%20Influenza%20Hx%20-%20IHI%20Summer%202005.pdf</div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>8. Currier, Russell W. "People and Pigs: Iowa's Role in 20th-Century Influenza History," Online: https://www.iowapha.org/Resources/Documents/People%20and%20Bigs%20Iowas%20Role%20in%2020th%20Century%20Influenza%20Hx%20-%20IHI%20Summer%202005.pdf</div></td></tr>
</table>Randylyonhttps://www.encyclopediadubuque.org/index.php?title=INFLUENZA&diff=162224&oldid=prevRandylyon at 02:07, 23 April 20202020-04-23T02:07:12Z<p></p>
<a href="https://www.encyclopediadubuque.org/index.php?title=INFLUENZA&diff=162224&oldid=161384">Show changes</a>Randylyonhttps://www.encyclopediadubuque.org/index.php?title=INFLUENZA&diff=161384&oldid=prevRandylyon at 03:51, 17 March 20202020-03-17T03:51:52Z<p></p>
<table style="background-color: #fff; color: #202122;" data-mw="interface">
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<td colspan="2" style="background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;">Revision as of 03:51, 17 March 2020</td>
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<tr><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>[[File:coughcartoon.png|250px|thumb|left|]]INFLUENZA. Influenza, commonly known as "the flu," is an infectious disease. The most common symptoms are chills, fever, sore throat, muscle pains, severe headache, coughing, weakness/fatigue and general discomfort. In serious cases, influenza <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">causes </del>pneumonia. This can be fatal, particularly for the young and the elderly. Although influenza is often confused with the common cold, influenza is much more severe. Influenza may produce nausea and vomiting, particularly in children, but these symptoms are more common in the unrelated gastroenteritis, sometimes called "stomach flu" or "24-hour flu".</div></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>[[File:coughcartoon.png|250px|thumb|left|]]INFLUENZA. Influenza, commonly known as "the flu," is an infectious disease. The most common symptoms are chills, fever, sore throat, muscle pains, severe headache, coughing, weakness/fatigue and general discomfort. In serious cases, influenza <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">leads to </ins>pneumonia. This can be fatal, particularly for the young and the elderly. Although influenza is often confused with the common cold, influenza is much more severe. Influenza may produce nausea and vomiting, particularly in children, but these symptoms are more common in the unrelated gastroenteritis, sometimes called "stomach flu" or "24-hour flu".</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Generally, influenza is transmitted through the air by coughs or sneezes. Influenza can also be transmitted by direct contact with bird droppings or nasal secretions, or through contact with contaminated surfaces. Influenza viruses can be inactivated by sunlight, disinfectants and detergents. As the virus can be inactivated by soap, frequent hand washing reduces the risk of infection.</div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Generally, influenza is transmitted through the air by coughs or sneezes. Influenza can also be transmitted by direct contact with bird droppings or nasal secretions, or through contact with contaminated surfaces. Influenza viruses can be inactivated by sunlight, disinfectants and detergents. As the virus can be inactivated by soap, frequent hand washing reduces the risk of infection.</div></td></tr>
</table>Randylyonhttps://www.encyclopediadubuque.org/index.php?title=INFLUENZA&diff=161383&oldid=prevRandylyon at 03:50, 17 March 20202020-03-17T03:50:01Z<p></p>
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<td colspan="2" style="background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;">Revision as of 03:50, 17 March 2020</td>
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<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>One week prior to the epidemic of flu beginning in Iowa, the National Swine Show and Exposition opened in Cedar Rapids on September 30, 1918. Within days some of the swine were showing symptoms of an illness being carried to other pigs. The show was quickly closed. J. S Koen, a livestock inspector in the U. S. Bureau of Animal Industry from Fort Dodge, noticed that the illness seemed similar to human influenza. He coined the term "swine flu." Hog producers were outraged, but Koen stuck to his term noting the similarity with human flu and the coincidence between the human flu and the one occurring in hogs. (7)</div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>One week prior to the epidemic of flu beginning in Iowa, the National Swine Show and Exposition opened in Cedar Rapids on September 30, 1918. Within days some of the swine were showing symptoms of an illness being carried to other pigs. The show was quickly closed. J. S Koen, a livestock inspector in the U. S. Bureau of Animal Industry from Fort Dodge, noticed that the illness seemed similar to human influenza. He coined the term "swine flu." Hog producers were outraged, but Koen stuck to his term noting the similarity with human flu and the coincidence between the human flu and the one occurring in hogs. (7)</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>In Dubuque the influenza epidemic of 1918 ranks as one of the city's worse health events. The population had already witnessed 611 deaths from the disease in 1917. Anderson-Bricker's research found in October, 1918 more than 1,500 reported cases and 37 confirmed deaths. (8) City officials declared the city closed. (9) State health officials ordered all theaters, schools, churches, movies, and lodge rooms across the state closed. The Iowa State Board of Health in its final report indicated that influenza claimed 6,116 lives with another 3,085 dying of pneumonia, a disease that frequently followed flu. (10) In Dubuque, 823 people died. Among the agencies taking an active role in caring for the ill was the [[DUBUQUE VISITING NURSE ASSOCIATION]] which maintained a twenty-four hour answering service at its office in the [[BANK AND INSURANCE BUILDING]] and operated a "motor service" through the efforts of W. H. Gunn. (11)</div></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>In Dubuque the influenza epidemic of 1918 ranks as one of the city's worse health events. The population had already witnessed 611 deaths from the disease in 1917. Anderson-Bricker's research found in October, 1918 more than 1,500 reported cases and 37 confirmed deaths. (8) City officials declared the city closed. (9) State health officials ordered all theaters, schools, churches, movies, and lodge rooms across the state closed. The Iowa State Board of Health in its final report indicated that influenza claimed 6,116 lives with another 3,085 dying of pneumonia, a disease that frequently followed flu. (10) </div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2" class="diff-side-deleted"></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div> </div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2" class="diff-side-deleted"></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>In Dubuque, 823 people died. Among the agencies taking an active role in caring for the ill was the [[DUBUQUE VISITING NURSE ASSOCIATION]] which maintained a twenty-four hour answering service at its office in the [[BANK AND INSURANCE BUILDING]] and operated a "motor service" through the efforts of W. H. Gunn. (11)</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Newspapers of the time were filled with advertisement for products which claimed to prevent an individual from catching the flu. Will's Cascara Bromide Quinine should be taken "at the first sign of a cold." "Anointing" the nose "to protect delicate membranes" was a frequently suggested course of action. Nature's Remedy, a laxative, promised that keeping the organs of digestion and elimination active would protect a person from the illness. De Vilbiss Atomizers promised that "Spanish influenza is preventable" while Munyon's Inhaler was said to "cure" influenza and all diseases of the throat and lungs.</div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Newspapers of the time were filled with advertisement for products which claimed to prevent an individual from catching the flu. Will's Cascara Bromide Quinine should be taken "at the first sign of a cold." "Anointing" the nose "to protect delicate membranes" was a frequently suggested course of action. Nature's Remedy, a laxative, promised that keeping the organs of digestion and elimination active would protect a person from the illness. De Vilbiss Atomizers promised that "Spanish influenza is preventable" while Munyon's Inhaler was said to "cure" influenza and all diseases of the throat and lungs.</div></td></tr>
</table>Randylyonhttps://www.encyclopediadubuque.org/index.php?title=INFLUENZA&diff=161382&oldid=prevRandylyon at 03:44, 17 March 20202020-03-17T03:44:23Z<p></p>
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<td colspan="2" style="background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;">Revision as of 03:44, 17 March 2020</td>
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<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Generally, influenza is transmitted through the air by coughs or sneezes. Influenza can also be transmitted by direct contact with bird droppings or nasal secretions, or through contact with contaminated surfaces. Influenza viruses can be inactivated by sunlight, disinfectants and detergents. As the virus can be inactivated by soap, frequent hand washing reduces the risk of infection.</div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Generally, influenza is transmitted through the air by coughs or sneezes. Influenza can also be transmitted by direct contact with bird droppings or nasal secretions, or through contact with contaminated surfaces. Influenza viruses can be inactivated by sunlight, disinfectants and detergents. As the virus can be inactivated by soap, frequent hand washing reduces the risk of infection.</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>The first recorded epidemic of influenza in what became the United States occurred in 1647. It appeared many times including a particularly strong epidemic in 1890. (1) The worldwide influenza <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">epidemic </del>of 1918 killed an estimated 50 million people---more than the estimated 16 million killed in [[WORLD WAR I]]---more people than any other illness in recorded history. (2)</div></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>The first recorded epidemic of influenza in what became the United States occurred in 1647. It appeared many times including a particularly strong epidemic in 1890. (1) The worldwide influenza <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">[[PANDEMIC]] </ins>of 1918 killed an estimated 50 million people---more than the estimated 16 million killed in [[WORLD WAR I]]---more people than any other illness in recorded history. (2)</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>[[File:directive.jpg|300px|thumb|left|Photo courtesy: National Archives]]In the late spring of 1918, the first phase known as the "three-day fever" appeared. There were few deaths. When it reappeared in the fall, the disease was much stronger. Some victims died within hours of their first symptoms. Others died within a few days suffocated to death with their lungs filled with fluid. It struck crowded urban areas and the most remote settlements in the nation. Young adults, the elderly, and young children were the groups mostly affected. In one year, the average life expectancy in the United States dropped 12 years. (3)</div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>[[File:directive.jpg|300px|thumb|left|Photo courtesy: National Archives]]In the late spring of 1918, the first phase known as the "three-day fever" appeared. There were few deaths. When it reappeared in the fall, the disease was much stronger. Some victims died within hours of their first symptoms. Others died within a few days suffocated to death with their lungs filled with fluid. It struck crowded urban areas and the most remote settlements in the nation. Young adults, the elderly, and young children were the groups mostly affected. In one year, the average life expectancy in the United States dropped 12 years. (3)</div></td></tr>
</table>Randylyonhttps://www.encyclopediadubuque.org/index.php?title=INFLUENZA&diff=144645&oldid=prevRandylyon at 03:53, 27 March 20182018-03-27T03:53:29Z<p></p>
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