ELMS - Revision history

Randylyon at 15:59, 7 September 2021

2021-09-07T15:59:07Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 15:59, 7 September 2021
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	[[Image:kelleher.jpg\|right\|thumb\|250px\|The last of three healthy elm trees on the campus of Loras College. The photo was taken on January 27, 1970. Six months later, the tree had to be removed. Photo courtesy: Bill Kelleher.]]		[[Image:kelleher.jpg\|right\|thumb\|250px\|The last of three healthy elm trees on the campus of Loras College. The photo was taken on January 27, 1970. Six months later, the tree had to be removed. Photo courtesy: Bill Kelleher.]]

	Dutch Elm Disease reached the United States in 1930 according to Dr. J. C. Carter of the Natural History Survey at the University of Illinois. (2) The ~~European Bark Beetle~~ which carried the disease came into the country on a shipment of elm logs from Europe. (3) The European beetle and its cousin the American Bark Beetle became the only known carriers of the disease. The initial signs of the Dutch elm disease was yellowing and curling of the leaves. The only recourse was to remove the tree and burn it. (4)		Dutch Elm Disease reached the United States in 1930 according to Dr. J. C. Carter of the Natural History Survey at the University of Illinois. (2) The [[EUROPEAN BARK BEETLE]] which carried the disease came into the country on a shipment of elm logs from Europe. (3) The European beetle and its cousin the American Bark Beetle became the only known carriers of the disease. The initial signs of the Dutch elm disease was yellowing and curling of the leaves. The only recourse was to remove the tree and burn it. (4)

	Dubuque officials began a program of prevention in the 1940s. (5) Whenever elm trees were pruned, the dead branches were burned. Dead wood was the only place the beetle laid its eggs. An estimated $10,000 was spent annually in an effort to prevent the disease from starting in the city. (5) Spraying with DDT had been started in 1958 along with trimming and burning diseased branches. (6) Although these practices were continued, the blight spread and the use of DDT ended after it was labeled a threat to the environment. In March 1960 local authorities announced that Dutch elm would strike Dubuque in June or July.		Dubuque officials began a program of prevention in the 1940s. (5) Whenever elm trees were pruned, the dead branches were burned. Dead wood was the only place the beetle laid its eggs. An estimated $10,000 was spent annually in an effort to prevent the disease from starting in the city. (5) Spraying with DDT had been started in 1958 along with trimming and burning diseased branches. (6) Although these practices were continued, the blight spread and the use of DDT ended after it was labeled a threat to the environment. In March 1960 local authorities announced that Dutch elm would strike Dubuque in June or July.

Randylyon at 17:57, 16 April 2021

2021-04-16T17:57:16Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 17:57, 16 April 2021
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	[[Image:kelleher-4.jpg\|right\|thumb\|250px\|A photo of Rhomberg Avenue looking northeast with evidence of tree removal in the foreground. Photo taken on September 19, 1970 Photo courtesy: Bill Kelleher.]]		[[Image:kelleher-4.jpg\|right\|thumb\|250px\|A photo of Rhomberg Avenue looking northeast with evidence of tree removal in the foreground. Photo taken on September 19, 1970 Photo courtesy: Bill Kelleher.]]

	In 1962 the Dubuque Park Department planned to spray selected elm trees with DDT to see if it would be effective in controlling the disease. Crews were also trimming dead branches in an estimated 5,000 elms on public property between sidewalks and city streets. Diseased trees on private property had to be cut down and burned within fifteen days at the owner's expense according to a city ordinance. Public protests of ~~again~~ using DDT included accusations that it damaged cars. The chemical was also considered harmful to birds and flowers. (8)		In 1962 the Dubuque Park Department planned to spray selected elm trees with DDT to see if it would be effective in controlling the disease. Crews were also trimming dead branches in an estimated 5,000 elms on public property between sidewalks and city streets. Diseased trees on private property had to be cut down and burned within fifteen days at the owner's expense according to a city ordinance. Public protests of using DDT included accusations that it damaged cars. The chemical was also considered harmful to birds and flowers. (8)

	In 1964 the Park Department began using Bidrin, a pesticide advertised as a preventive for the disease. In use it was discovered that the chemical did no more than slow the disease. Other chemicals were also tried and discontinued. One idea never tried was the importation of French wasps that would eat the beetles causing the disease.		In 1964 the Park Department began using Bidrin, a pesticide advertised as a preventive for the disease. In use it was discovered that the chemical did no more than slow the disease. Other chemicals were also tried and discontinued. One idea never tried was the importation of French wasps that would eat the beetles causing the disease.

Randylyon at 17:55, 16 April 2021

2021-04-16T17:55:55Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 17:55, 16 April 2021
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	Dutch Elm Disease reached the United States in 1930 according to Dr. J. C. Carter of the Natural History Survey at the University of Illinois. (2) The European Bark Beetle which carried the disease came into the country on a shipment of elm logs from Europe. (3) The European beetle and its cousin the American Bark Beetle became the only known carriers of the disease. The initial signs of the Dutch elm disease was yellowing and curling of the leaves. The only recourse was to remove the tree and burn it. (4)		Dutch Elm Disease reached the United States in 1930 according to Dr. J. C. Carter of the Natural History Survey at the University of Illinois. (2) The European Bark Beetle which carried the disease came into the country on a shipment of elm logs from Europe. (3) The European beetle and its cousin the American Bark Beetle became the only known carriers of the disease. The initial signs of the Dutch elm disease was yellowing and curling of the leaves. The only recourse was to remove the tree and burn it. (4)

	Dubuque officials began a program of prevention in the 1940s. (5) Whenever elm trees were pruned, the dead branches were burned. Dead wood was the only place the beetle laid its eggs. An estimated $10,000 was spent annually in an effort to prevent the disease from starting in the city. (5) Spraying with DDT had been started in 1958 along with trimming and burning diseased branches. (4) Although these practices were continued, the blight spread and the use of DDT ended after it was labeled a threat to the environment. In March 1960 local authorities announced that Dutch elm would strike Dubuque in June or July. The disease, however, was not found in Dubuque until August 1961, when the first evidence of the disease was discovered in a tree at 75 Hill Street. In October, 1961 three cases were reported by the Dubuque Park Board. One of the tees was located in Grandview Park and was quickly destroyed. The other two were located in the 200 block of Villa St. One of the trees was on private property and could not be touched until action was taken by the City Council. A request had to be made by the council to the owner. If the owner did not take action, the city had to wait for a specified amount of time before removal of the tree could take place. (5)		Dubuque officials began a program of prevention in the 1940s. (5) Whenever elm trees were pruned, the dead branches were burned. Dead wood was the only place the beetle laid its eggs. An estimated $10,000 was spent annually in an effort to prevent the disease from starting in the city. (5) Spraying with DDT had been started in 1958 along with trimming and burning diseased branches. (6) Although these practices were continued, the blight spread and the use of DDT ended after it was labeled a threat to the environment. In March 1960 local authorities announced that Dutch elm would strike Dubuque in June or July.

			The disease, however, was not found in Dubuque until August 1961, when the first evidence of the disease was discovered in a tree at 75 Hill Street. In October, 1961 three cases were reported by the Dubuque Park Board. One of the tees was located in Grandview Park and was quickly destroyed. The other two were located in the 200 block of Villa St. One of the trees was on private property and could not be touched until action was taken by the City Council. A request had to be made by the council to the owner. If the owner did not take action, the city had to wait for a specified amount of time before removal of the tree could take place. (7)

	[[Image:kelleher-3.jpg\|left\|thumb\|250px\|The last healthy elm on Rhomberg Avenue just southwest of the corner of Rhomberg and Shiras Blvd. The picture was taken on September 19, 1970.Photo courtesy: Bill Kelleher.]]		[[Image:kelleher-3.jpg\|left\|thumb\|250px\|The last healthy elm on Rhomberg Avenue just southwest of the corner of Rhomberg and Shiras Blvd. The picture was taken on September 19, 1970.Photo courtesy: Bill Kelleher.]]
	[[Image:kelleher-4.jpg\|right\|thumb\|250px\|A photo of Rhomberg Avenue looking northeast with evidence of tree removal in the foreground. Photo taken on September 19, 1970 Photo courtesy: Bill Kelleher.]]		[[Image:kelleher-4.jpg\|right\|thumb\|250px\|A photo of Rhomberg Avenue looking northeast with evidence of tree removal in the foreground. Photo taken on September 19, 1970 Photo courtesy: Bill Kelleher.]]

	In 1962 the Dubuque Park Department planned to spray selected elm trees with DDT to see if it would be effective in controlling the disease. Crews were also trimming dead branches in an estimated 5,000 elms on public property between sidewalks and city streets. ~~(5)~~ Diseased trees on private property had to be cut down and burned within fifteen days at the owner's expense according to a city ordinance. ~~(6)~~ Public protests of again using DDT included accusations that it damaged cars. The chemical was also considered harmful to birds and flowers. (7)		In 1962 the Dubuque Park Department planned to spray selected elm trees with DDT to see if it would be effective in controlling the disease. Crews were also trimming dead branches in an estimated 5,000 elms on public property between sidewalks and city streets. Diseased trees on private property had to be cut down and burned within fifteen days at the owner's expense according to a city ordinance. Public protests of again using DDT included accusations that it damaged cars. The chemical was also considered harmful to birds and flowers. (8)

	In 1964 the Park Department began using Bidrin, a pesticide advertised as a preventive for the disease. In use it was discovered that the chemical did no more than slow the disease. Other chemicals were also tried and discontinued. One idea never tried was the importation of French wasps that would eat the beetles causing the disease.		In 1964 the Park Department began using Bidrin, a pesticide advertised as a preventive for the disease. In use it was discovered that the chemical did no more than slow the disease. Other chemicals were also tried and discontinued. One idea never tried was the importation of French wasps that would eat the beetles causing the disease.

	[[Image:kelleher-5.jpg\|left\|thumb\|250px\|A large elm at the corner of Locust and Loras. This photo was taken May 12, 1971. The tree was removed in 1973. Photo courtesy: Bill Kelleher.]]Dubuque's terrain proved a serious problem in containing Dutch elm disease. Trees on the hillsides and in the valleys could not be carefully monitored or removed. In 1967 a total of 843 city-owned trees were infected and had to be removed. (8) As late as 1968 it was often not clear who was responsible, according to the city ordinance, for the disposal of dead trees.		[[Image:kelleher-5.jpg\|left\|thumb\|250px\|A large elm at the corner of Locust and Loras. This photo was taken May 12, 1971. The tree was removed in 1973. Photo courtesy: Bill Kelleher.]]Dubuque's terrain proved a serious problem in containing Dutch elm disease. Trees on the hillsides and in the valleys could not be carefully monitored or removed. In 1967 a total of 843 city-owned trees were infected and had to be removed. (9) As late as 1968 it was often not clear who was responsible, according to the city ordinance, for the disposal of dead trees.

	When the Dutch elm disease reached its peak in 1968, 85 percent of Dubuque's trees were elms. The vast numbers of dying trees and the speed with which the disease spread soon made it apparent that the containment effort was futile. The battle to save the elms cost the citizens of Dubuque over $750,000.		When the Dutch elm disease reached its peak in 1968, 85 percent of Dubuque's trees were elms. The vast numbers of dying trees and the speed with which the disease spread soon made it apparent that the containment effort was futile. The battle to save the elms cost the citizens of Dubuque over $750,000.
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	4. Ibid.		4. Ibid.

	5. ~~Shively, Neil, "City Reports Three Dutch Elm Disease Cases," ''Telegraph Herald'', October 1, 1961 p~~. 1		5. Ibid.

	6. "Trees at Golf Course and 9th, Bluff Removed," ''Telegraph Herald'', July 19, 1962, p. 1		6. "Trees at Golf Course and 9th, Bluff Removed," ''Telegraph Herald'', July 19, 1962, p. 1

	7. ~~Ibid~~.		7. Shively, Neil, "City Reports Three Dutch Elm Disease Cases," ''Telegraph Herald'', October 1, 1961 p. 1

	8. "Test Spray for Elm Trees Planned," ''Telegraph Herald'', February 15, 1962, p. 1		8. "Test Spray for Elm Trees Planned," ''Telegraph Herald'', February 15, 1962, p. 1

Randylyon at 15:54, 16 April 2021

2021-04-16T15:54:11Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 15:54, 16 April 2021
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	[[File:elmsonrhomberg.jpeg\|300px\|thumb\|left\|"Cathedral of the Elms." Image courtesy: Joe Jacobsmeier]]ELMS~~. Stately trees once graced much of the city~~. According to an article in the [[TELEGRAPH HERALD]] in 1961, a "stately" home in the 19th century was not considered complete until the owner had planted at least one elm tree. Elms planted and cared for by [[RHOMBERG, Joseph A.\|Joseph A. RHOMBERG]] formed the glorious but doomed "Cathedral of the Elms" along Rhomberg Avenue to the site of [[RHOMBERG PARK]]. A grove of elm trees lining the west side of West Third between Hill and Alpine was planted by [[COLLIER, Robert Hutcheson\|Robert Hutcheson COLLIER]] in 1873. These trees were removed from the bottom lands along the [[MISSISSIPPI RIVER]] to shade the street according to Mrs. Jack McGuire, his granddaughter. "Elm salesmen" were a common sight in the city in the late 19th century. Carrying bundles of small 'river elms' on their backs, they went door-to-door to make sales.		[[File:elmsonrhomberg.jpeg\|300px\|thumb\|left\|"Cathedral of the Elms." Image courtesy: Joe Jacobsmeier]]ELMS. According to an article in the [[TELEGRAPH HERALD]] in 1961, a "stately" home in the 19th century was not considered complete until the owner had planted at least one elm tree. Elms planted and cared for by [[RHOMBERG, Joseph A.\|Joseph A. RHOMBERG]] formed the glorious but doomed "Cathedral of the Elms" along Rhomberg Avenue to the site of [[RHOMBERG PARK]]. A grove of elm trees lining the west side of West Third between Hill and Alpine was planted by [[COLLIER, Robert Hutcheson\|Robert Hutcheson COLLIER]] in 1873. These trees were removed from the bottom lands along the [[MISSISSIPPI RIVER]] to shade the street according to Mrs. Jack McGuire, his granddaughter. "Elm salesmen" were a common sight in the city in the late 19th century. Carrying bundles of small 'river elms' on their backs, they went door-to-door to make sales.

	In 1920 a huge elm-planting ceremony was held along Grandview Avenue when both sides of the street were planted with trees as a memorial to former President Theodore Roosevelt who died in 1919. Discussion of planting an elm tree for each Dubuque soldier who died in [[WORLD WAR I]] were never carried out. Estimates of the number of elms once growing in Dubuque ranged from as few as 10,000 to as many as 80,000. In 1960 a special census counted 4,617 growing along the city's [[STREETS]]; many were planted during the last quarter of the 19th century. (1) In 1961 the ''Telegraph Herald'' reported that about 5,000 of the 6,000 city-owned shade trees were elms and that at least as many could be found on private property. Dubuque had a number of outstanding examples of the tree. A 150-year old elm stood in the backyard of a property at 215 Fremont. The tree measured six-feet in diameter and had a branch-spread of 30-feet. A one-hundred foot high elm, once believed to be the largest in Iowa, stood at 1940 Coates.		In 1920 a huge elm-planting ceremony was held along Grandview Avenue when both sides of the street were planted with trees as a memorial to former President Theodore Roosevelt who died in 1919. Discussion of planting an elm tree for each Dubuque soldier who died in [[WORLD WAR I]] were never carried out. Estimates of the number of elms once growing in Dubuque ranged from as few as 10,000 to as many as 80,000. In 1960 a special census counted 4,617 growing along the city's [[STREETS]]; many were planted during the last quarter of the 19th century. (1) In 1961 the ''Telegraph Herald'' reported that about 5,000 of the 6,000 city-owned shade trees were elms and that at least as many could be found on private property. Dubuque had a number of outstanding examples of the tree. A 150-year old elm stood in the backyard of a property at 215 Fremont. The tree measured six-feet in diameter and had a branch-spread of 30-feet. A one-hundred foot high elm, once believed to be the largest in Iowa, stood at 1940 Coates.
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	Dutch Elm Disease reached the United States in 1930 according to Dr. J. C. Carter of the Natural History Survey at the University of Illinois. (2) The European Bark Beetle which carried the disease came into the country on a shipment of elm logs from Europe. (3) The European beetle and its cousin the American Bark Beetle became the only known carriers of the disease. The initial signs of the Dutch elm disease was yellowing and curling of the leaves. The only recourse was to remove the tree and burn it. (4)		Dutch Elm Disease reached the United States in 1930 according to Dr. J. C. Carter of the Natural History Survey at the University of Illinois. (2) The European Bark Beetle which carried the disease came into the country on a shipment of elm logs from Europe. (3) The European beetle and its cousin the American Bark Beetle became the only known carriers of the disease. The initial signs of the Dutch elm disease was yellowing and curling of the leaves. The only recourse was to remove the tree and burn it. (4)

	Dubuque officials began a program of prevention in the 1940s. (5) Whenever elm trees were pruned, the dead branches were burned. Dead wood was the only place the beetle laid its eggs. An estimated $10,000 was spent annually in an effort to prevent the disease from starting in the city. (5) Spraying with DDT had been started in 1958 along with trimming and burning diseased branches.(4) Although these practices were continued, the blight spread and the use of DDT ended after it was labeled a threat to the environment. In March 1960 local authorities announced that Dutch elm would strike Dubuque in June or July. The disease, however, was not found in Dubuque until August 1961, when the first evidence of the disease was discovered in a tree at 75 Hill Street.		Dubuque officials began a program of prevention in the 1940s. (5) Whenever elm trees were pruned, the dead branches were burned. Dead wood was the only place the beetle laid its eggs. An estimated $10,000 was spent annually in an effort to prevent the disease from starting in the city. (5) Spraying with DDT had been started in 1958 along with trimming and burning diseased branches. (4) Although these practices were continued, the blight spread and the use of DDT ended after it was labeled a threat to the environment. In March 1960 local authorities announced that Dutch elm would strike Dubuque in June or July. The disease, however, was not found in Dubuque until August 1961, when the first evidence of the disease was discovered in a tree at 75 Hill Street. In October, 1961 three cases were reported by the Dubuque Park Board. One of the tees was located in Grandview Park and was quickly destroyed. The other two were located in the 200 block of Villa St. One of the trees was on private property and could not be touched until action was taken by the City Council. A request had to be made by the council to the owner. If the owner did not take action, the city had to wait for a specified amount of time before removal of the tree could take place. (5)

	[[Image:kelleher-3.jpg\|left\|thumb\|250px\|The last healthy elm on Rhomberg Avenue just southwest of the corner of Rhomberg and Shiras Blvd. The picture was taken on September 19, 1970.Photo courtesy: Bill Kelleher.]]		[[Image:kelleher-3.jpg\|left\|thumb\|250px\|The last healthy elm on Rhomberg Avenue just southwest of the corner of Rhomberg and Shiras Blvd. The picture was taken on September 19, 1970.Photo courtesy: Bill Kelleher.]]
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	4. Ibid.		4. Ibid.

	5. "~~Trees at Golf Course and 9th, Bluff Removed~~," ''Telegraph Herald'', ~~July 19, 1962~~, p. 1		5. Shively, Neil, "City Reports Three Dutch Elm Disease Cases," ''Telegraph Herald'', October 1, 1961 p. 1

	6. ~~Ibid~~.		6. "Trees at Golf Course and 9th, Bluff Removed," ''Telegraph Herald'', July 19, 1962, p. 1

	7. ~~"Test Spray for Elm Trees Planned," ''Telegraph Herald'', February 15, 1962, p~~. 1		7. Ibid.

	8. "Chronology," ''Telegraph Herald'', December 31, 1967, p. 19		8. "Test Spray for Elm Trees Planned," ''Telegraph Herald'', February 15, 1962, p. 1

			9. "Chronology," ''Telegraph Herald'', December 31, 1967, p. 19

	[[Category: Environmental]]		[[Category: Environmental]]

Randylyon at 02:13, 13 December 2017

2017-12-13T02:13:48Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 02:13, 13 December 2017
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	[[Image:kelleher-6.jpg\|left\|thumb\|250px\|January 27, 1970. Photo courtesy: Bill Kelleher.]]		[[Image:kelleher-6.jpg\|left\|thumb\|250px\|January 27, 1970. Photo courtesy: Bill Kelleher.]]
	[[Image:kelleher-7.jpg\|left\|thumb\|250px\|May 14, 1970. Photo courtesy: Bill Kelleher.]]		[[Image:kelleher-7.jpg\|left\|thumb\|250px\|May 14, 1970. Photo courtesy: Bill Kelleher.]]
	[[Image:kelleher-8.jpg\|~~left~~\|thumb\|250px\| September 3, 1970. Photo courtesy: Bill Kelleher.]]		[[Image:kelleher-8.jpg\|right\|thumb\|250px\| September 3, 1970. Photo courtesy: Bill Kelleher.]]

	Today the city, in planting trees, avoids concentrating an area with one kind of tree to avoid a repeat of similar destruction.		Today the city, in planting trees, avoids concentrating an area with one kind of tree to avoid a repeat of similar destruction.
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	8. "Chronology," ''Telegraph Herald'', December 31, 1967, p. 19		8. "Chronology," ''Telegraph Herald'', December 31, 1967, p. 19

			[[Category: Environmental]]

Randylyon at 17:04, 20 April 2017

2017-04-20T17:04:03Z

Randylyon at 20:10, 7 August 2015

2015-08-07T20:10:25Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 20:10, 7 August 2015
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	[[Image:kelleher-4.jpg\|right\|thumb\|250px\|A photo of Rhomberg Avenue looking northeast with evidence of tree removal in the foreground. Photo taken on September 19, 1970 Photo courtesy: Bill Kelleher.]]		[[Image:kelleher-4.jpg\|right\|thumb\|250px\|A photo of Rhomberg Avenue looking northeast with evidence of tree removal in the foreground. Photo taken on September 19, 1970 Photo courtesy: Bill Kelleher.]]

	In 1962 the Dubuque Park Department planned to spray selected elm trees with DDT to see if it would be effective in controlling the disease. Crews were also trimming dead branches in trees on ~~public~~ property. Public protests of again using DDT included accusations that it damaged cars. The chemical was also considered harmful to birds and flowers. (5)		In 1962 the Dubuque Park Department planned to spray selected elm trees with DDT to see if it would be effective in controlling the disease. Crews were also trimming dead branches in an estimated 5,000 elms on public property between sidewalks and city streets. (5) Diseased trees on private property had to be cut down and burned within fifteen days at the owner's expense according to a city ordinance. (6) Public protests of again using DDT included accusations that it damaged cars. The chemical was also considered harmful to birds and flowers. (7)

	In 1964 the Park Department began using Bidrin, a pesticide advertised as a preventive for the disease. In use it was discovered that the chemical did no more than slow the disease. Other chemicals were also tried and discontinued. One idea never tried was the importation of French wasps that would eat the beetles causing the disease.		In 1964 the Park Department began using Bidrin, a pesticide advertised as a preventive for the disease. In use it was discovered that the chemical did no more than slow the disease. Other chemicals were also tried and discontinued. One idea never tried was the importation of French wasps that would eat the beetles causing the disease.
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	4. Ibid.		4. Ibid.

	5. "Test Spray for Elm Trees Planned," ''Telegraph Herald'', February 15, 1962, p. 1		5. "Trees at Golf Course and 9th, Bluff Removed," ''Telegraph Herald'', July 19, 1962, p. 1

			6. Ibid.

			7. "Test Spray for Elm Trees Planned," ''Telegraph Herald'', February 15, 1962, p. 1

Randylyon at 20:08, 14 July 2015

2015-07-14T20:08:23Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 20:08, 14 July 2015
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	[[Image:kelleher-4.jpg\|right\|thumb\|250px\|A photo of Rhomberg Avenue looking northeast with evidence of tree removal in the foreground. Photo taken on September 19, 1970 Photo courtesy: Bill Kelleher.]]		[[Image:kelleher-4.jpg\|right\|thumb\|250px\|A photo of Rhomberg Avenue looking northeast with evidence of tree removal in the foreground. Photo taken on September 19, 1970 Photo courtesy: Bill Kelleher.]]

	In 1962 the Dubuque Park Department planned to spray selected elm trees with DDT to see if it would be effective in controlling the disease. Crews were also trimming dead branches in trees on public property. Public protests of using DDT included ~~the~~ accusations that it damaged cars. The chemical was also considered harmful to birds and flowers. (5)		In 1962 the Dubuque Park Department planned to spray selected elm trees with DDT to see if it would be effective in controlling the disease. Crews were also trimming dead branches in trees on public property. Public protests of again using DDT included accusations that it damaged cars. The chemical was also considered harmful to birds and flowers. (5)

	In 1964 the Park Department began using Bidrin, a pesticide advertised as a preventive for the disease. In use it was discovered that the chemical did no more than slow the disease. Other chemicals were also tried and discontinued. One idea never tried was the importation of French wasps that would eat the beetles causing the disease.		In 1964 the Park Department began using Bidrin, a pesticide advertised as a preventive for the disease. In use it was discovered that the chemical did no more than slow the disease. Other chemicals were also tried and discontinued. One idea never tried was the importation of French wasps that would eat the beetles causing the disease.

Randylyon at 20:07, 14 July 2015

2015-07-14T20:07:16Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 20:07, 14 July 2015
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	[[Image:kelleher-3.jpg\|left\|thumb\|250px\|The last healthy elm on Rhomberg Avenue just southwest of the corner of Rhomberg and Shiras Blvd. The picture was taken on September 19, 1970.Photo courtesy: Bill Kelleher.]]		[[Image:kelleher-3.jpg\|left\|thumb\|250px\|The last healthy elm on Rhomberg Avenue just southwest of the corner of Rhomberg and Shiras Blvd. The picture was taken on September 19, 1970.Photo courtesy: Bill Kelleher.]]
	[[Image:kelleher-4.jpg\|right\|thumb\|250px\|A photo of Rhomberg Avenue looking northeast with evidence of tree removal in the foreground. Photo taken on September 19, 1970 Photo courtesy: Bill Kelleher.]]		[[Image:kelleher-4.jpg\|right\|thumb\|250px\|A photo of Rhomberg Avenue looking northeast with evidence of tree removal in the foreground. Photo taken on September 19, 1970 Photo courtesy: Bill Kelleher.]]

			In 1962 the Dubuque Park Department planned to spray selected elm trees with DDT to see if it would be effective in controlling the disease. Crews were also trimming dead branches in trees on public property. Public protests of using DDT included the accusations that it damaged cars. The chemical was also considered harmful to birds and flowers. (5)

	In 1964 the Park Department began using Bidrin, a pesticide advertised as a preventive for the disease. In use it was discovered that the chemical did no more than slow the disease. Other chemicals were also tried and discontinued. One idea never tried was the importation of French wasps that would eat the beetles causing the disease.		In 1964 the Park Department began using Bidrin, a pesticide advertised as a preventive for the disease. In use it was discovered that the chemical did no more than slow the disease. Other chemicals were also tried and discontinued. One idea never tried was the importation of French wasps that would eat the beetles causing the disease.
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	4. Ibid.		4. Ibid.

			5. "Test Spray for Elm Trees Planned," ''Telegraph Herald'', February 15, 1962, p. 1

Randylyon at 00:22, 7 May 2015

2015-05-07T00:22:10Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 00:22, 7 May 2015
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	[[File:elmsonrhomberg.jpeg\|300px\|thumb\|left\|"Cathedral of the Elms." Image courtesy: Joe Jacobsmeier]]ELMS. Stately trees that once graced much of the city. According to an article in the [[TELEGRAPH HERALD]] in 1961, a "stately" home in the 19th century was not considered complete until the owner had planted at least one elm tree. Elms planted and cared for by [[RHOMBERG, Joseph A.\|Joseph A. RHOMBERG]] formed the glorious but doomed "Cathedral of the Elms" along Rhomberg Avenue to the site of [[RHOMBERG PARK]]. A grove of elm trees lining the west side of West Third between Hill and Alpine was planted by [[COLLIER, Robert Hutcheson\|Robert Hutcheson COLLIER]] in 1873. These trees were removed from the bottom lands along the [[MISSISSIPPI RIVER]] to shade the street according to Mrs. Jack McGuire, his granddaughter. "Elm salesmen" were a common sight in the city in the late 19th century. Carrying bundles of small 'river elms' on their backs, they went door-to-door to make sales.		[[File:elmsonrhomberg.jpeg\|300px\|thumb\|left\|"Cathedral of the Elms." Image courtesy: Joe Jacobsmeier]]ELMS. Stately trees that once graced much of the city. According to an article in the [[TELEGRAPH HERALD]] in 1961, a "stately" home in the 19th century was not considered complete until the owner had planted at least one elm tree. Elms planted and cared for by [[RHOMBERG, Joseph A.\|Joseph A. RHOMBERG]] formed the glorious but doomed "Cathedral of the Elms" along Rhomberg Avenue to the site of [[RHOMBERG PARK]]. A grove of elm trees lining the west side of West Third between Hill and Alpine was planted by [[COLLIER, Robert Hutcheson\|Robert Hutcheson COLLIER]] in 1873. These trees were removed from the bottom lands along the [[MISSISSIPPI RIVER]] to shade the street according to Mrs. Jack McGuire, his granddaughter. "Elm salesmen" were a common sight in the city in the late 19th century. Carrying bundles of small 'river elms' on their backs, they went door-to-door to make sales.

	In 1920 a huge elm-planting ceremony was held along Grandview Avenue when both sides of the street were planted with trees as a memorial to former President Theodore Roosevelt who died in 1919. Discussion of planting an elm tree for each Dubuque soldier who died in [[WORLD WAR I]] were never carried out. Estimates of the number of elms once growing in Dubuque ranged from as few as 10,000 to as many as 80,000. In 1960 a special census counted 4,617 growing along the city's [[STREETS]]; many were planted during the last quarter of the 19th century. (1) In 1961 ''Telegraph Herald'' reported that about 5,000 of the 6,000 city-owned shade trees were elms and that at least as many could be found on private property. Dubuque had a number of outstanding examples of the tree. A 150-year old elm stood in the backyard of a property at 215 Fremont. The tree measured six-feet in diameter and had a branch-spread of 30-feet. A one-hundred foot high elm, once believed to be the largest in Iowa, stood at 1940 Coates.		In 1920 a huge elm-planting ceremony was held along Grandview Avenue when both sides of the street were planted with trees as a memorial to former President Theodore Roosevelt who died in 1919. Discussion of planting an elm tree for each Dubuque soldier who died in [[WORLD WAR I]] were never carried out. Estimates of the number of elms once growing in Dubuque ranged from as few as 10,000 to as many as 80,000. In 1960 a special census counted 4,617 growing along the city's [[STREETS]]; many were planted during the last quarter of the 19th century. (1) In 1961 the ''Telegraph Herald'' reported that about 5,000 of the 6,000 city-owned shade trees were elms and that at least as many could be found on private property. Dubuque had a number of outstanding examples of the tree. A 150-year old elm stood in the backyard of a property at 215 Fremont. The tree measured six-feet in diameter and had a branch-spread of 30-feet. A one-hundred foot high elm, once believed to be the largest in Iowa, stood at 1940 Coates.

	[[Image:kelleher-2.jpg\|left\|thumb\|250px\|A graceful elm in front of Christ The King Chapel at [[LORAS COLLEGE]] July 5, 1969. Photo courtesy: Bill Kelleher.]]		[[Image:kelleher-2.jpg\|left\|thumb\|250px\|A graceful elm in front of Christ The King Chapel at [[LORAS COLLEGE]] July 5, 1969. Photo courtesy: Bill Kelleher.]]
	[[Image:kelleher.jpg\|right\|thumb\|250px\|The last of three healthy elm trees on the campus of Loras College. The photo was taken on January 27, 1970. Six months later, the tree had to be removed. Photo courtesy: Bill Kelleher.]]		[[Image:kelleher.jpg\|right\|thumb\|250px\|The last of three healthy elm trees on the campus of Loras College. The photo was taken on January 27, 1970. Six months later, the tree had to be removed. Photo courtesy: Bill Kelleher.]]

	Dutch Elm Disease first reached the United States in 1930 according to Dr. J. C. Carter of the Natural History Survey at the University of Illinois. (2) The European Bark Beetle which carried the disease came into the country on a shipment of elm logs from Europe. (3) The European beetle and its cousin the American Bark Beetle became the only known carriers of the disease.		Dutch Elm Disease first reached the United States in 1930 according to Dr. J. C. Carter of the Natural History Survey at the University of Illinois. (2) The European Bark Beetle which carried the disease came into the country on a shipment of elm logs from Europe. (3) The European beetle and its cousin the American Bark Beetle became the only known carriers of the disease. The initial signs of the Dutch elm disease was yellowing and curling of the leaves. The only recourse was to remove the tree and burn it. (4)

	Dubuque officials began a program of prevention in the 1940s. (4) Whenever elm trees were pruned, the dead branches were burned. Dead wood was the only place the beetle laid its eggs. An estimated $10,000 was spent annually in an effort to prevent the disease from starting in the city. (5) Spraying with DDT ~~for other diseases~~ had been started in 1958 along with trimming and burning diseased branches.(4) Although these practices were continued, the blight spread and the use of DDT ended after it was labeled a threat to the environment. In March 1960 local authorities announced that Dutch elm would strike Dubuque in June or July. The disease, however, was not found in Dubuque until August 1961, when the first evidence of the disease was discovered in a tree at 75 Hill Street.		Dubuque officials began a program of prevention in the 1940s. (5) Whenever elm trees were pruned, the dead branches were burned. Dead wood was the only place the beetle laid its eggs. An estimated $10,000 was spent annually in an effort to prevent the disease from starting in the city. (5) Spraying with DDT had been started in 1958 along with trimming and burning diseased branches.(4) Although these practices were continued, the blight spread and the use of DDT ended after it was labeled a threat to the environment. In March 1960 local authorities announced that Dutch elm would strike Dubuque in June or July. The disease, however, was not found in Dubuque until August 1961, when the first evidence of the disease was discovered in a tree at 75 Hill Street.

	[[Image:kelleher-3.jpg\|left\|thumb\|250px\|The last healthy elm on Rhomberg Avenue just southwest of the corner of Rhomberg and Shiras Blvd. The picture was taken on September 19, 1970.Photo courtesy: Bill Kelleher.]]		[[Image:kelleher-3.jpg\|left\|thumb\|250px\|The last healthy elm on Rhomberg Avenue just southwest of the corner of Rhomberg and Shiras Blvd. The picture was taken on September 19, 1970.Photo courtesy: Bill Kelleher.]]
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	In 1964 the Park Department began using Bidrin, a pesticide advertised as a preventive for the disease. In use it was discovered that the chemical did no more than slow the disease. Other chemicals were also tried and discontinued. One idea never tried was the importation of French wasps that would eat the beetles causing the disease.		In 1964 the Park Department began using Bidrin, a pesticide advertised as a preventive for the disease. In use it was discovered that the chemical did no more than slow the disease. Other chemicals were also tried and discontinued. One idea never tried was the importation of French wasps that would eat the beetles causing the disease.

	[[Image:kelleher-5.jpg\|left\|thumb\|250px\|A large elm at the corner of Locust and Loras. This photo was taken May 12, 1971. The tree was removed in 1973. Photo courtesy: Bill Kelleher.]]Dubuque's terrain proved a serious problem in containing Dutch elm disease. Trees on the hillsides and in the valleys could not be carefully monitored or removed~~. Infected trees provided breeding grounds for the beetles that spread the disease. Governmental policies were also a problem~~. As late as 1968 it was often not clear who was responsible, according to the city ordinance, for the disposal of dead trees.		[[Image:kelleher-5.jpg\|left\|thumb\|250px\|A large elm at the corner of Locust and Loras. This photo was taken May 12, 1971. The tree was removed in 1973. Photo courtesy: Bill Kelleher.]]Dubuque's terrain proved a serious problem in containing Dutch elm disease. Trees on the hillsides and in the valleys could not be carefully monitored or removed. As late as 1968 it was often not clear who was responsible, according to the city ordinance, for the disposal of dead trees.

	When the Dutch elm disease reached its peak in 1968, 85 percent of Dubuque's trees were elms. The vast numbers of dying trees and the speed with which the disease spread soon made it apparent that the containment effort was futile. The battle to save the elms cost the citizens of Dubuque over $750,000.		When the Dutch elm disease reached its peak in 1968, 85 percent of Dubuque's trees were elms. The vast numbers of dying trees and the speed with which the disease spread soon made it apparent that the containment effort was futile. The battle to save the elms cost the citizens of Dubuque over $750,000.
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	[[Image:kelleher-8.jpg\|left\|thumb\|250px\| September 3, 1970. Photo courtesy: Bill Kelleher.]]		[[Image:kelleher-8.jpg\|left\|thumb\|250px\| September 3, 1970. Photo courtesy: Bill Kelleher.]]

			Today the city, in planting trees, avoids concentrating an area with one kind of tree to avoid a repeat of similar destruction.

			---

			Source:

	~~Today the city~~, ~~in planting trees~~, ~~avoids concentrating an area with one kind of tree to avoid a repeat of similar destruction~~.		1. "Due Here This Summer, Plant Expert Reports," ''Telegraph Herald'', March 27, 1960, p. 1

			2. Ibid.

			3. Ibid.

			4. Ibid.

← Older revision		Revision as of 17:04, 20 April 2017
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	[[File:elmsonrhomberg.jpeg\|300px\|thumb\|left\|"Cathedral of the Elms." Image courtesy: Joe Jacobsmeier]]ELMS. Stately trees ~~that~~ once graced much of the city. According to an article in the [[TELEGRAPH HERALD]] in 1961, a "stately" home in the 19th century was not considered complete until the owner had planted at least one elm tree. Elms planted and cared for by [[RHOMBERG, Joseph A.\|Joseph A. RHOMBERG]] formed the glorious but doomed "Cathedral of the Elms" along Rhomberg Avenue to the site of [[RHOMBERG PARK]]. A grove of elm trees lining the west side of West Third between Hill and Alpine was planted by [[COLLIER, Robert Hutcheson\|Robert Hutcheson COLLIER]] in 1873. These trees were removed from the bottom lands along the [[MISSISSIPPI RIVER]] to shade the street according to Mrs. Jack McGuire, his granddaughter. "Elm salesmen" were a common sight in the city in the late 19th century. Carrying bundles of small 'river elms' on their backs, they went door-to-door to make sales.		[[File:elmsonrhomberg.jpeg\|300px\|thumb\|left\|"Cathedral of the Elms." Image courtesy: Joe Jacobsmeier]]ELMS. Stately trees once graced much of the city. According to an article in the [[TELEGRAPH HERALD]] in 1961, a "stately" home in the 19th century was not considered complete until the owner had planted at least one elm tree. Elms planted and cared for by [[RHOMBERG, Joseph A.\|Joseph A. RHOMBERG]] formed the glorious but doomed "Cathedral of the Elms" along Rhomberg Avenue to the site of [[RHOMBERG PARK]]. A grove of elm trees lining the west side of West Third between Hill and Alpine was planted by [[COLLIER, Robert Hutcheson\|Robert Hutcheson COLLIER]] in 1873. These trees were removed from the bottom lands along the [[MISSISSIPPI RIVER]] to shade the street according to Mrs. Jack McGuire, his granddaughter. "Elm salesmen" were a common sight in the city in the late 19th century. Carrying bundles of small 'river elms' on their backs, they went door-to-door to make sales.

	In 1920 a huge elm-planting ceremony was held along Grandview Avenue when both sides of the street were planted with trees as a memorial to former President Theodore Roosevelt who died in 1919. Discussion of planting an elm tree for each Dubuque soldier who died in [[WORLD WAR I]] were never carried out. Estimates of the number of elms once growing in Dubuque ranged from as few as 10,000 to as many as 80,000. In 1960 a special census counted 4,617 growing along the city's [[STREETS]]; many were planted during the last quarter of the 19th century. (1) In 1961 the ''Telegraph Herald'' reported that about 5,000 of the 6,000 city-owned shade trees were elms and that at least as many could be found on private property. Dubuque had a number of outstanding examples of the tree. A 150-year old elm stood in the backyard of a property at 215 Fremont. The tree measured six-feet in diameter and had a branch-spread of 30-feet. A one-hundred foot high elm, once believed to be the largest in Iowa, stood at 1940 Coates.		In 1920 a huge elm-planting ceremony was held along Grandview Avenue when both sides of the street were planted with trees as a memorial to former President Theodore Roosevelt who died in 1919. Discussion of planting an elm tree for each Dubuque soldier who died in [[WORLD WAR I]] were never carried out. Estimates of the number of elms once growing in Dubuque ranged from as few as 10,000 to as many as 80,000. In 1960 a special census counted 4,617 growing along the city's [[STREETS]]; many were planted during the last quarter of the 19th century. (1) In 1961 the ''Telegraph Herald'' reported that about 5,000 of the 6,000 city-owned shade trees were elms and that at least as many could be found on private property. Dubuque had a number of outstanding examples of the tree. A 150-year old elm stood in the backyard of a property at 215 Fremont. The tree measured six-feet in diameter and had a branch-spread of 30-feet. A one-hundred foot high elm, once believed to be the largest in Iowa, stood at 1940 Coates.
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	[[Image:kelleher.jpg\|right\|thumb\|250px\|The last of three healthy elm trees on the campus of Loras College. The photo was taken on January 27, 1970. Six months later, the tree had to be removed. Photo courtesy: Bill Kelleher.]]		[[Image:kelleher.jpg\|right\|thumb\|250px\|The last of three healthy elm trees on the campus of Loras College. The photo was taken on January 27, 1970. Six months later, the tree had to be removed. Photo courtesy: Bill Kelleher.]]

	Dutch Elm Disease ~~first~~ reached the United States in 1930 according to Dr. J. C. Carter of the Natural History Survey at the University of Illinois. (2) The European Bark Beetle which carried the disease came into the country on a shipment of elm logs from Europe. (3) The European beetle and its cousin the American Bark Beetle became the only known carriers of the disease. The initial signs of the Dutch elm disease was yellowing and curling of the leaves. The only recourse was to remove the tree and burn it. (4)		Dutch Elm Disease reached the United States in 1930 according to Dr. J. C. Carter of the Natural History Survey at the University of Illinois. (2) The European Bark Beetle which carried the disease came into the country on a shipment of elm logs from Europe. (3) The European beetle and its cousin the American Bark Beetle became the only known carriers of the disease. The initial signs of the Dutch elm disease was yellowing and curling of the leaves. The only recourse was to remove the tree and burn it. (4)

	Dubuque officials began a program of prevention in the 1940s. (5) Whenever elm trees were pruned, the dead branches were burned. Dead wood was the only place the beetle laid its eggs. An estimated $10,000 was spent annually in an effort to prevent the disease from starting in the city. (5) Spraying with DDT had been started in 1958 along with trimming and burning diseased branches.(4) Although these practices were continued, the blight spread and the use of DDT ended after it was labeled a threat to the environment. In March 1960 local authorities announced that Dutch elm would strike Dubuque in June or July. The disease, however, was not found in Dubuque until August 1961, when the first evidence of the disease was discovered in a tree at 75 Hill Street.		Dubuque officials began a program of prevention in the 1940s. (5) Whenever elm trees were pruned, the dead branches were burned. Dead wood was the only place the beetle laid its eggs. An estimated $10,000 was spent annually in an effort to prevent the disease from starting in the city. (5) Spraying with DDT had been started in 1958 along with trimming and burning diseased branches.(4) Although these practices were continued, the blight spread and the use of DDT ended after it was labeled a threat to the environment. In March 1960 local authorities announced that Dutch elm would strike Dubuque in June or July. The disease, however, was not found in Dubuque until August 1961, when the first evidence of the disease was discovered in a tree at 75 Hill Street.
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	In 1964 the Park Department began using Bidrin, a pesticide advertised as a preventive for the disease. In use it was discovered that the chemical did no more than slow the disease. Other chemicals were also tried and discontinued. One idea never tried was the importation of French wasps that would eat the beetles causing the disease.		In 1964 the Park Department began using Bidrin, a pesticide advertised as a preventive for the disease. In use it was discovered that the chemical did no more than slow the disease. Other chemicals were also tried and discontinued. One idea never tried was the importation of French wasps that would eat the beetles causing the disease.

	[[Image:kelleher-5.jpg\|left\|thumb\|250px\|A large elm at the corner of Locust and Loras. This photo was taken May 12, 1971. The tree was removed in 1973. Photo courtesy: Bill Kelleher.]]Dubuque's terrain proved a serious problem in containing Dutch elm disease. Trees on the hillsides and in the valleys could not be carefully monitored or removed. As late as 1968 it was often not clear who was responsible, according to the city ordinance, for the disposal of dead trees.		[[Image:kelleher-5.jpg\|left\|thumb\|250px\|A large elm at the corner of Locust and Loras. This photo was taken May 12, 1971. The tree was removed in 1973. Photo courtesy: Bill Kelleher.]]Dubuque's terrain proved a serious problem in containing Dutch elm disease. Trees on the hillsides and in the valleys could not be carefully monitored or removed. In 1967 a total of 843 city-owned trees were infected and had to be removed. (8) As late as 1968 it was often not clear who was responsible, according to the city ordinance, for the disposal of dead trees.

	When the Dutch elm disease reached its peak in 1968, 85 percent of Dubuque's trees were elms. The vast numbers of dying trees and the speed with which the disease spread soon made it apparent that the containment effort was futile. The battle to save the elms cost the citizens of Dubuque over $750,000.		When the Dutch elm disease reached its peak in 1968, 85 percent of Dubuque's trees were elms. The vast numbers of dying trees and the speed with which the disease spread soon made it apparent that the containment effort was futile. The battle to save the elms cost the citizens of Dubuque over $750,000.
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	7. "Test Spray for Elm Trees Planned," ''Telegraph Herald'', February 15, 1962, p. 1		7. "Test Spray for Elm Trees Planned," ''Telegraph Herald'', February 15, 1962, p. 1

			8. "Chronology," ''Telegraph Herald'', December 31, 1967, p. 19