Encyclopedia Dubuque - User contributions [en]

Category:Running

2026-06-12T00:06:26Z

Randylyon: Created page with "Running. Numerous track events occur annually in Dubuque. Individual schools have their honor roles. Among the races for adults is:"

Running. Numerous track events occur annually in Dubuque. Individual schools have their honor roles. Among the races for adults is:

GRANDVIEW GALLOP

2026-06-12T00:03:15Z

Randylyon:

[[Image:Gallop.png|left|thumb|350px|2006. Photo courtesy: Telegraph Herald]]GRANDVIEW GALLOP. The inaugural event began at [[MURPHY PARK]] and continued along Grandview Avenue. Lighten Up Iowa members and kids were charged $10.00. Adults and others were changed $15.00. On the day of the event, the fee became $25.00. Entrants received a tee-shirt and refreshments. Those interested were asked to contact Darryl ZMOLEK or Greg Hermiston. (1) More than 400 participated in the event. (2)

In 2024 construction on the South Grandview overpass led the route of the run to be altered. The run had always started and finished at Murphy Park, but now instead of the turnaround occurring at [[WASHINGTON MIDDLE SCHOOL]] the race began at Murphy Park and then headed east around the buildings at Mount Carmel Bluffs. Participants then headed west on South Grandview west Murphy Park to Julien Dubuque Drive for another turnaround. This path on South Grandview passed Murphy Park and repeated the Mount Carmel Bluffs part of the run ending at Murphy Park. The integrity of the four-mile race in 2025 was maintained with a minimum change in elevation. (3) The one-mile youth run was started at 7:30 a.m. The adult run started at 8:00 a.m.

[[Image:Gallop2.png|right|thumb|350px|2006. Photo courtesy: Telegraph Herald]]In 2026 there were 425 adult participants, an increase of about 150. Much of the 2026 course reverted returned to its original path, but race organizers did reincorporate the Mount Carmel loop. (4)

GRANDVIEW GALLOP WINNERS (5)

YEAR Women (Time) Men (Time)

2006 Jessica Hruska 25:35 Marcus Murphy 21:56

2007 Jessia Hruska 25:46 Nick Bowerman 20:05

2008 Kelly Johnson 25:36 Nick Bowerman 20:19

2009 Marcia Taddy 23:59 Nick Bowerman 20:25

2010 Jessica Hruska 24:37 Kody Fitzjerrells 20:54

2011 Jessica Wuellner 23:55 Nick Bowerman 19:43

2012 Amanda Paige 24:53 Nick Bowerman 20:17

2013 Jessica Hruska 23:55 Jason Flogel 19:33

2014 Katie Hemeseth 24:27 Dylan Eigenberger 20;20

2015 Amanda Edwards 24:11 Blake Whalen 19:56

2016 Brooke Ferguson 25:02 Jeremiah Gerardy 20:03

2017 Dakota Tell 24:03 Karim Achengli 20:01

2018 Elaina Biechler 24:18 Blake Whalen 20:49]

2019 Olivia Dietzel 24:12 Alec Bass 20:13

2020 Race cancelled due to [[COVID]]

2021 Lily Schmidt 26:39 Blake Whalen 19:10

2022 Emily Richter 27:05 Blake Whalen 19:32

2023 Tricia Serres 23:58 Blake Whalen 19:31

2024 Erin Donovan 27:00 Blake Whalen 19:40

2025 Tricia Serres 23:58 Blake Whalen 19:27

2026 Tricia Serres 23:05 Blake Whalen 19:41

Source:

1. "Running," Telegraph Herald, June 4, 2006, p. 76

2. "Galloping Shadows," ''Telegraph Herald'', June 16, 2006, p. !

3. Leitner, Jim. "Grandview Gallop to Follow Hybrid Course on Saturday," ''Telegraph Herald'', June 4, 2025, p. 10

4. Miller, Danny, "Running: Whalen Wins 5th Straight Grandview Gallop," THOnline: June 8, 2026 https://www.telegraphherald.com/sports/local_sports/article_a813a215-8abb-4290-b3b0-6baa38f9e69e.html

5. Samuels, Brendan, "Familiar Faces Win 20th Gallop," ''Telegraph Herald'', June 10, 2026

[[Category: Running]]

File:Gallop2.png

2026-06-11T18:56:43Z

Randylyon:

GRANDVIEW GALLOP

2026-06-11T18:56:14Z

Randylyon:

GRANDVIEW GALLOP

2026-06-11T18:55:36Z

Randylyon:

GRANDVIEW GALLOP

2026-06-11T18:34:29Z

Randylyon:

[[Image:Gallop.png|left|thumb|350px|2006. Photo courtesy: Telegraphj Herald]]GRANDVIEW GALLOP. The inaugural event began at [[MURPHY PARK]] and continued along Grandview Avenue. Lighten Up Iowa members and kids were charged $10.00. Adults and others were changed $15.00. On the day of the event, the fee became $25.00. Entrants received a tee-shirt and refreshments. Those interested were asked to contact [[ZMOLEK, Darryl|Darryl ZMOLEK]] or Greg Hermiston. (1) More than 400 participated in the event. (2)

In 2024 construction on the South Grandview overpass led the route of the run to be altered. The run has always started and finished at Murphy Park, but now instead of the turnaround occurring at [[WASHINGTON MIDDLE SCHOOL]] the race began at Murphy Park and then headed east around the buildings at Mount Carmel Bluffs. Participants then headed west on South Grandview west Murphy Park to Julien Dubuque Drive for another turnaround. This path on South Grandview passed Murphy Park and repeated the Mount Carmel Bluffs part of the run ending at Murphy Park. The integrity of the four-mile race was maintained with a minumum change in elevation. (3)

Source:

1. "Running," Telegraph Herald, June 4, 2006, p. 76

2. "Galloping Shadows," ''Telegraph Herald'', June 16, 2006, p. !

3. Leitner, Jim. "Grandview Gallop to Follow Hybrid Course on Saturday," ''Telegraph Herald'', June 4, 2025, p. 10

File:Gallop.png

2026-06-11T17:46:10Z

Randylyon:

GRANDVIEW GALLOP

2026-06-11T17:45:46Z

Randylyon:

[[Image:Gallop.png|left|thumb|350px|2006. Photo courtesy: Telegraphj Herald]]GRANDVIEW GALLOP.

GRANDVIEW GALLOP

2026-06-11T17:42:37Z

Randylyon: Created page with "GRANDVIEW GALLOP."

GRANDVIEW GALLOP.

KEY HOTEL

2026-06-08T19:03:50Z

Randylyon:

[[Image:key hotel.png|left|thumb|350px|]]KEY HOTEL. The newest addition to Hilton's Tapestry Collection, the seven-story Key Hotel opened on December 29, 2025 was part of an $83 million renovation and expansion of Q Casino + Resort. According to the director of marketing for the DRA, the nonprofit license-holder for Dubuque's two casinos, said in early December that reservations were already being made with base-price pricing at about $150.00. As part of the Tapestry Collection, a number of independent hotels aiming to mirror the communities in which they operated, the hotel when finished would have 90 rooms available with twenty being double suites able to host families. (1)

The much-anticipated top floor restaurant of the Key Hotel was featured on May 22, 2026. The Lock 11 Rooftop Restaurant and Bar featured an open kitchen with a dining area overlooking downtown Dubuque, a bar and private dining room overlooking the bridge into Wisconsin, and a smjall venue space and outdoor deck overlooking Lock and Dam 11. (2)

Source:

1. Bethers, Daniel, "Key Hotel Locks in Opening Date," ''Telegraph Herald'', December 23, 2025, p. 1

2. Gleason, Thomas, "Lock 11 Restaurant Tops off Kay Hotel," Telegraph Herald, May 22, 2026, p. 1`

[[Category: Hotel]]

KEY HOTEL

2026-06-08T19:03:33Z

Randylyon:

2026-06-04T18:53:48Z

Randylyon:

Ancestry: https://www.ancestry.com/family-tree/person/tree/77334799/person/48521428023/facts?_phsrc=MOd29008&_phstart=successSource

[[Image:gleed2.png|left|thumb|350px|The Herald 12/08/1867]]GLEED, Ambrose (Gloucester, England, May 22, 1831--Menlo Park, CA, Apr, 29, 1896) Gleed came to the United States on September 28, 1849 and lived in Buffalo, New York through 1855 when he moved in Dubuque. (1)

On May 14, 1873 according to the Quad-City Times a half dozen on his customers from the Quad Cities had their stocks of liquor they had bought from him seized or had been jailed. Gleed, a British subject, intended to file a suit in the United States States court on the ground that the State had no right to forbid what the general government licensed. (2)

On December 4, 1874 a fire at his brewery destroyed 5,000 bushels of barley. The loss was estimated at $30,000 and he carried $15,000 worth of insurance. (3)

In the inquest into his death in Redwood City where he was recuperating, a newspaper article stated that Gleed, a wealthy landowner in San Francisco, had died of heart failure. (4) His survivors included his two married daughters--Mrs. Fannie Halasberry of San Francisco and Mrs. Frank Haswell of Sacramento. (5)

See: [[AMBROSE GLEED]]

Source:

1. Ancestry.com search

2. Ancestry.com "Ambrose Gleed"

3. Ibid.

4. Ibid.

5. Ibid.

GLEED. Ambrose

2026-06-04T18:53:12Z

Randylyon:

Ancestry: https://www.ancestry.com/family-tree/person/tree/77334799/person/48521428023/facts?_phsrc=MOd29008&_phstart=successSource

[[Image:gleed2.png|left|thumb|350px|The Herald 12/08/1867]]GLEED, Ambrose (Gloucester, England, May 22, 1831--Menlo Park, CA, Apr, 29, 1896) Gleed came to the United States on September 28, 1849 and lived in Buffalo, New York through 1855 when he moved in Dubuque. (1)

On May 14, 1873 according to the Quad-City Times a half dozen on his customers from the Quad Cities had their stocks of liquor they had bought from him seized or had been jailed. Gleed, a British subject, intended to file a suit in the United States States court on the ground that the State had no right to forbid what the general government licensed. (2)

On December 4, 1874 a fire at his brewery destroyed 5,000 bushels of barley. The loss was estimated at $30,000 and he carried $15,000 worth of insurance. (3)

In the inquest into his death in Redwood City where he was recuperating, a newspaper article stated that Gleed, a wealthy landowner in San Francisco, had died of heart failure. (4) His survivors included his two married daughters--Mrs. Fannie Halasberry of San Francisco and Mrs. Frank Haswell of Sacramento. (5)

Source:

1. Ancestry.com search

2. Ancestry.com "Ambrose Gleed"

3. Ibid.

4. Ibid.

5. Ibid.

File:Gleed2.png

2026-06-04T18:51:49Z

Randylyon:

GLEED. Ambrose

2026-06-04T18:51:29Z

Randylyon:

Ancestry: https://www.ancestry.com/family-tree/person/tree/77334799/person/48521428023/facts?_phsrc=MOd29008&_phstart=successSource

[[Image:gleed2.png|left|thumb|350px|Julien Dubuque]]LEED, Ambrose (Gloucester, England, May 22, 1831--Menlo Park, CA, Apr, 29, 1896) Gleed came to the United States on September 28, 1849 and lived in Buffalo, New York through 1855 when he moved in Dubuque. (1)

On May 14, 1873 according to the Quad-City Times a half dozen on his customers from the Quad Cities had their stocks of liquor they had bought from him seized or had been jailed. Gleed, a British subject, intended to file a suit in the United States States court on the ground that the State had no right to forbid what the general government licensed. (2)

On December 4, 1874 a fire at his brewery destroyed 5,000 bushels of barley. The loss was estimated at $30,000 and he carried $15,000 worth of insurance. (3)

In the inquest into his death in Redwood City where he was recuperating, a newspaper article stated that Gleed, a wealthy landowner in San Francisco, had died of heart failure. (4) His survivors included his two married daughters--Mrs. Fannie Halasberry of San Francisco and Mrs. Frank Haswell of Sacramento. (5)

Source:

1. Ancestry.com search

2. Ancestry.com "Ambrose Gleed"

3. Ibid.

4. Ibid.

5. Ibid.

2026-06-04T04:21:05Z

Randylyon:

PEOSTA

2026-06-04T04:20:38Z

Randylyon:

[[Image:peosta2.jpeg|left|thumb|350px|Peosta's gravesite.]]PEOSTA. Believed to have been the father of [[POTOSA]], a [[SAUK AND FOX]] woman and wife of [[DUBUQUE, Julien|Julien DUBUQUE]], who made several discoveries of [[LEAD]] in the area of the [[MINES OF SPAIN]].

Bones believed to be the body of Peosta were discovered in 1897 when the [[DUBUQUE EARLY SETTLERS' ASSOCIATION]] began construction of its monument to Julien Dubuque. The workmen found the bones of a short white man, a tall Native American and the skull of a Native American woman. Those directing the work including [[HERRMANN, Richard|Richard HERRMANN]] presumed the bones to be those of Peosta because the Fox chief had asked to be buried with his white friend. The skull was believed to be that of Potosa.

With the completion of the monument, Dubuque's bones were reburied, but the remains of Peosta were wired together and kept in the [[HERRMANN MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY]]. (1) Beginning in 1966 his skeleton was displayed at the [[HAM HOUSE]] Museum. The skull of Potosa, perhaps Dubuque's wife, was displayed, but the rest of the bones were in a bushel basket in the basement of Ham House. (2)

Historical society members contacted Native Americans living near Tama, Iowa for suggestions. Tama Chief Lewis Mitchell suggested that Peosta had probably been given full tribal honors at the time of his first burial. It would not be necessary to repeat them. As for the reburial, the Society began the process of obtaining legal authorization to reinter the bodies near the monument. Peosta and Potosa, however, could not be buried together. Tribal custom requires that chiefs be buried separately. (3)

On May 12, 1973, the remains of Peosta were reburied near their original resting place. On August 20, 1973, the headstone, donated by the Light Quarries of Dubuque, was placed on the grave.

---

Source:

1. Dahlinger, Mark. "Peosta's Skull Still Hangs in City Home," ''Telegraph Herald'', August 8, 1954, Dubuque News, p. 1

2. Brimeyer, Jack. "Seek Final Resting Place for Peosta," ''Telegraph Herald'', September 17, 1972, p. 25

3. Ibid.

[[Category: Native American]]

2026-06-04T04:13:20Z

Randylyon:

DUBUQUE, Julien

2026-06-04T04:12:56Z

Randylyon:

Ancestry.com--https://www.ancestry.com/family-tree/person/tree/165188456/person/102215225869/facts

[[Image:juliendubuque.gif|left|thumb|350px|Julien Dubuque]]DUBUQUE, Julien. (St. Pierre les Becquets, Canada, Jan. 10, 1762--western shore of the [[MISSISSIPPI RIVER]], Mar. 24, 1810). Julien’s great-grandfather, Jean, came from the Parish of Trinity, Diocese of Rouen, France. He married Marie Hotet in Quebec in 1668. His son, Romain, was born in 1671. Romain married Anne Pinel in 1693. His son, Noel Augustin, father of Julien, was born in 1707, and married Marie Mailhot in 1744. He died in 1783, about the time his son left home for the West. (1)

Julien Dubuque was the youngest of possibly ten children born to Noel-Augustin and Marie (Mailhot) Dubuque. (2) He was well educated in the parish schools and was fluent in English and French. He was also apparently able to play the fiddle and had an interest in culture and the arts.

With his older brother Charles Augustin, Julien headed into the wilderness in the early 1780s. Following a short stay in 1783 or 1784 at Mackinac where his brother was a partner in a general store. They traveled onto Prairie du Chien in 1785 where Julien may have clerked for his brother's business. Charles left in 1787 to acquire citizenship papers from Jean Baptiste Dubuque, a cousin and Commandant at the village of Cahokia. Here he was killed in an explosion. (3)

Traveling down the Mississippi in 1788, Dubuque settled among the [[MESKWAKIES]] close to the village of Kettle Chief just south of where the [[JULIEN DUBUQUE MONUMENT]] now stands. The people Dubuque met lived in what was called the Catfish Creek Village. Usually summer villages broke up with the coming of winter with family groups moving to live along the banks of such rivers at the Cedar, Iowa, and Maquoketa. The Catfish Creek village was different because there were always people living there. Mining was not seasonal work. (4)

On September 22, 1788 in Prairie du Chien, Dubuque made an agreement with the Meskwakies under the leadership of Aquoqua to work the lead mines on their land. (5) After obtaining permission to mine, Dubuque brought ten French-Canadians from Prairie du Chien to assist him as boatmen, overseers, smelters and wood choppers. (6) He often used members of the tribe to prospect for new [[MINING]] sites and frequently sent Canadians to do the actual labor.

He was not above using trickery to obtain his goals.

The most popular tradition which has come down to us is that on one occasion
when the Indians refused to accede to some demand, he threatened to set
Catfish Creek on fire, and leave their village high and dry. They still denied
him; so one night his associates emptied a barrel of oil—or turpentine—on the
water, above the bend, and when it had floated down to the village, Dubuque
set fire to it. In a few moments the entire creek was apparently in a blaze.
The terrified Indians made haste to concede all Dubuque had asked—and
supposedly by the exercise of his will, the fire went out. (7)

[File:PETITION.jpg|250px|thumb|left|Sign at the Dubuque Monument]]Feeling less than secure in the legality of his claim, Dubuque petitioned the Spanish governor general, Baron de Cardondolent, in 1796 for a clear title. (8) His claim then stretched approximately twenty-one miles along the river and nine miles inland. (9) The governor granted Dubuque claims to the [[MINES OF SPAIN]] with the understanding that no trade could be carried out with the Native Americans of the region without the permission of Andrew Todd, an Irish trader with influence among the Spanish officials. (10) Dubuque was not to be bothered for long by this restriction. Todd died of yellow fever soon after the agreement was signed.

[[File:coin1.jpg|250px|thumb|left|Spanish Medal]]. Europeans competed for rights to trade with Native Americans; these arrangements were not only profitable, but they helped establish military alliances. Spanish traders, like Giard, were licensed as government agents, and encouraged tribes to shift their trading allegiance by exchanging British medals for those of Charles IV. Photo courtesy: Jefferson National Expansion Memorial, St. Louis, Missouri.]]Dubuque's claim may have been helped by the role he played in the rescue of Basil Giard, another of Iowa's earliest settlers. In 1795 although all the lands west of the [[MISSISSIPPI RIVER]] belonged to Spain, French trappers continued to enter the area. To counter this invasion, Spanish officials in New Orleans considered it a wise plan to have a Spanish trading post opposite Prairie du Chien. In May 1795 Giard, a trader in Prairie du Chien, paddled his canoe to New Orleans to confer with the Spanish governor. In exchange for establishing the this post, Giard was given 5,700 acres around what became McGregor, Iowa. For this Giard had to annually bring his furs to New Orleans. Hostile Native Americans soon recognized the value of the canoes headed south and attacked them. On one occasion in 1795, Giard was rescued by Julien Dubuque. (11)

At the Mines of Spain, Dubuque had cabins constructed for his French Canadian helpers, a smelting furnace, trading post, sawmill, and blacksmith shop. (12) The trading post offers an insight into Dubuque, the trader. In the inventory of his estate, Dubuque had 115 pairs of ear bobs, 212 brooches, 300 large brooches, 820 small brooches, and tobacco. In 1806 the firm of Rocheblave & Porlier of Montreal shipped to Dubuque items including 42 blankets, 8 bolts of calico, 4 bolts of blue cloth, 12 dozen knives (for scrapping hides and dressing game), and twenty guns. For his personal use, Dubuque ordered 4 bolts of Irish linen, 3 black silk kerchiefs, 7 barrels of wine, a barrel of tar, tin plates, a boat cable, and five barge oars. (13)

Klein estimated that there were approximately thirty people, including ten employees with their wives and children living around and depending upon Julien Dubuque. The importance of farming included providing food for the thirty people with surplus for trade. The Inventory of the Estate listed seven barrels of wheat, 800 pounds of flour, and a small amount of corn reflecting the stores of the previous year. There were also two bulls, seven cows, two calves, four young heifers and bulls, twenty-seven pigs, twenty-one young pigs, four teams of oxen, twelve chickens, and one rooster. Among the farm buildings were a granary, mill, and barn. (14)

Dubuque enjoyed considerable fame throughout the Mississippi Valley. James G. Soulard, the son of a prominent citizen of St. Louis, has left perhaps the best description obtainable of Dubuque. Mr. Soulard describes Dubuque, as he appeared in middle life,

as “a man below the usual stature, of black hair
and eyes, wiry and well-built, capable of great
endurance, and remarkably courteous and polite,
with all the suavity and grace of the typical
Frenchman. To the ladies he was always the essence
of politeness.”

Mr. Soulard remembered that on the occasion of one of Dubuque’s visits, a ball was given in his honor, attended by all the prominent people of the place. "At one point of the festivities, M. Dubuque took a violin from one of the performers and executed a dance to the strains of his own music, which was considered a great accomplishment and was received with tremendous applause." (15)

Dubuque enjoyed the acquaintance of many of the era's most influential people. [[LEWIS, Meriwether|Meriwether LEWIS]], in writing to William Clark prior to leaving on their exploration to the Pacific Ocean, asked Clark to pay his respects to Dubuque. As governor of the Louisiana Territory, Lewis included the name of Dubuque among those the American government could trust in the region. The federal government showed this trust in 1808 when Dubuque was appointed Indian agent at Prairie du Chien. Ill-health, however, forced him to give up this position after two months. While in St. Louis, Dubuque entered into business dealings with [[CHOUTEAU, Auguste|Auguste CHOUTEAU]].

[[Image:IMG_4073.jpg|left|thumb|350px|These bars of lead bear the seal of Julien Dubuque--a single mark on one side and two marks on the reverse. The rough casting suggests the molten lead was cast in molds roughly hewn from logs. The white color is caused by oxidation.]]Dubuque was a shrewd businessman. From business records it is known that Dubuque annually sold hundreds of thousands of pounds of lead at five cents per pound.

In addition to the estimated $20,000 annual income from lead mining, Dubuque also had income from agriculture and the [[FUR TRADE]]. In 1805 Dubuque was visited by the then-ill [[PIKE, Zebulon Montgomery|Zebulon Montgomery PIKE]]. Told that there were no horses available to ride to the mines, Pike was forced to ask ten questions about Dubuque's production of lead. He received only the most elusive answers. (16)

Dubuque was deeply in financial debt to [[CHOUTEAU, Auguste|Auguste CHOUTEAU]]. On October 20, 1804 Dubuque sold Chouteau nearly one-half of his land to settle his indebtedness. It has been estimated that Dubuque's entire land claim amounted to more than 73,000 acres. The settlement agreement provided that after Dubuque's death, the remainder of his interest in the lands would pass to Chouteau or his heirs. (17) Chouteau sent his nephew, Pierre Chouteau for whom the capital of South Dakota was later named, north to oversee the finances while Dubuque continued his mining, trading and farming. (18) Chouteau was also able to persuade his friend Governor William Henry Harrison to add a clause to a treaty negotiated with the [[SAUK AND FOX]] and Meskawakies. The treaty recognized that the west bank of the Mississippi belonged to these tribes. The clause stated, however, that the treaty did not affect Spanish land grants in the area.

The question of the ownership of Dubuque's land was not settled until seven years after his death in [[CHOUTEAU v. MOLONY]], a landmark case argued before the United States Supreme Court by [[SMITH, Platt|Platt SMITH]]. This, however, has not stopped distant relatives from filing claims over the years. (19)

In 1897 the ''Dubuque Herald'' reported on one such inquiry.

Inquiries from alleged relatives of Julien Dubuque regarding his
estate here are so frequent little attention is given them. A few
days ago, however, one came that has attracted attention, not
because of any new phrase it contained or any semblance of validity
of the writer's claim, but because of the copy of an instrument sent
with it. This instrument is the deed from Julien Dubuque to Auguste
Chouteau, dated Oct. 20, 1804. This is the ﬁrst time people in Dubuque
have seen this deed and the Herald believes at this time it will be
read with interest.

Those who read the translation by John I. Mullany in the Herald two weeks ago
will remember reference was then made to the deed. It conveyed to Chouteau a
half interest in Dubuque's possessions and the remainder
at his death.

Several weeks ago a ﬁrm of attorneys received a letter from a prominent law
firm in New York asking for information regarding Dubuque's estate, their
client being an alleged lineal descendant of Auguste Chouteau. The local firm
answered that Dubuque left no estate and there was no grounds on which to base
a claim.

The New York attorneys very evidently thought different and a few days ago a
large package was received from them. It contained a translation from the
identical magazine. "Canadians of the West," from which Mr. Mullany made his
translation of the life of Julien Dubuque and a copy of the deed. The New York
attorneys very evidently thought they had established a clear case.

The deed itself shuts off all claimants as relatives of Julien Dubuque because by
it Dubuque deeded away all his rights and interests, at his death, to Chouteau.
The supreme court in the United states decided against the Chouteaus so that it
is apparent there can be no valid claim by relatives or assignees of either. The
local attorneys returned the documents and referred the New York lawyers to the
decision. In the Chouteau case. Mr. John I. Mullany learned of the correspondence
and obtained a copy of the deed which is as follows:

''Concession of the Location of the City of Dubuque.

Be it known, that we, Julien Dubuque, mineralogist, residing at the mines of Spain,
actually in the city of St. Louis, Ill., of one part; Augustus Chouteau, merchant,
located in the city aforesaid, city of St. Louis of the other part, have agreed of
our own movement and will, in the presence of witnesses named here below, upon what
follows, to-wit:

That I, Julien Dubuque, by these presents, recognize and confess to have
today sold, ceded and relinquished now and forever, and promise to guarantee
against all trouble, debts, dowery, mortgages, evictions, substitutions and
other impediments whatever, to Augustus Chouteau, the aforesaid merchant, who,
for the present time accepts and acquires for him, his heirs and assigns, to-wit;
a land containing 72,324 French acres in width to be taken from the south of a
concession obtained by me, aforesaid Dubuque, from the Baron of Carondlet, as
it is specified by the decree of the latter dated in New Orleans on the 10th of
November, 1796, placed at the base of the request presented to me by the aforesaid
Baron of Carondlet, of the which the aforesaid request and degrees have been
registered in the office of Mr. Antoin (Anthony) Soulard,surveyor of the Territory
of Louisiana; the aforesaid concession containing about seven leagues (twenty-one
miles) abreast of the Mississippi, by three leagues (nine miles) deep, commencing
from the hill on the top of the little river Maquanquitys*in the place where it
joins the Mississippi river to the hill Meyquaninonque,+ in the place where it
also all into to the aforesaid Mississippi; the 72,824 acres of land sold by me,
aforesaid Dubuque, to the aforesaid Augustus Chouteau, will be limited and taken,
commencing from the south part of my aforesaid concession on the hill Meyquaninonque,
three leagues deep and going up the river on the north side to the completion of
the aforesaid 72,324 French acres of land above mentioned and sold; I reserve to
myself; by this same indenture the exact quantity of the 42 French acres deep, in
the same place of my aforesaid establishment; as the same quantity of 42 French
acres abreast by 84 French acres of depth would be lacking to complete the 72,324
French acres sold me as above mentioned, to the aforesaid Augustus Chouteau, I,
the aforesaid Dubuque, oblige myself by these presents to cause to be delivered
the aforesaid 42 French acres by 84 French acres of depth in another part of my
aforesaid concession, which aforesaid 42 French acres will face the Mississippi
and the 84 French acres will be in depth.

We, the aforesaid Dubuque and Chouteau, agree of our own will and accord to have each one
in particular, full and entire enjoyment of the aforesaid 72,324 French acres of land
aforesaid mentioned, as well as for the mines as for the cultivation of the aforesaid lands,
sold as stated above, by me, Dubuque, and acquired by me, the aforesaid Chouteau, except
that I, the aforesaid Dubuque, will have the enjoyment of it during my life, obliging me
neither to sell, transport, alienate the aforesaid privileges to anyone, whatsoever, under
the pain of annullity to the aforesaid lands sold by me, as above mentioned and in behalf
of the aforesaid right of exploitation of the mines and cultivation of the land, to me
granted by the aforesaid Chouteau for and during my life. The works, furnaces, buildings,
improvements, etc., done by me on the aforesaid land will remain to the aforesaid Chouteau
after the aforesaid terms mentioned above of my life, so that the aforesaid Chouteau, his
heirs, and assigns, may take full and peaceful possession of it and enjoy it as things
belonging to him after my death.

This present sale done by me, Dubuque, for the price and sum of $10,848 and 60 sols, which
by the present writing, I recognize to have received cash from the hands of the aforesaid
Augustus Chouteau, and of which by these presents, I gave him full and entire receipt and
discharge shown on account of the said payment that the aforesaid Chouteau enters in full
and peaceful possession of the aforesaid land from today and enjoys the right of it, he,
his heirs and assigns, as things belonging to him. Diverting myself of the aforesaid
quantity of 72,324 French acres of land mentioned aforesaid, on account of the aforesaid
payment of the sum of $10,848 and 60 sols, received by me from the hands of the aforesaid
Chouteau and my heirs, executors, or administrators shall not in any way recall all that
is above mentioned and stipulated; for thus has it been understood and agreed, therein
obliging, renouncing, etc.

Written and passed in the city of St. Louis of Ill., on the 20th day of October, the year
1804, on the 29th of American Independence.

In witness whereof we, the aforesaid Dubuque and Chouteau, have signed the present papers
in the presence of Messrs. M. P. Leduc, clerk; B. Pratte and M. G. Moro and have impressed
our seal the day and year as above. The words "reciprocally, and of the 23d and 24th lines
being erased and annulled."
M. P. LEDUC, AUGUSTUS CHOUTEAU, M. G. MORO, JULIEN DUBUQUE, B. PRATTE (20)
''

[[Image:dubuquenote.jpg|left|thumb|350px|Promissory note: May 18, 1798 "good for 100 livres...which I will pay to the order of St. Benois...for value received...for arrears." Source: Kenneth W. Rendell, http://www.historical-autographs.com/explorers.aspx]]Despite his business successes, Dubuque was almost constantly in debt from 1803 until his death. A generous man, Dubuque supported many people who worked at his mines. He also lived in an unusually fashionable manner for life on the frontier of those years. Dubuque enjoyed the services of Patrice Roy and Josette Anyata as servants. At the time of his death, an inventory of his possessions included expensive household items and fifty-eight books including eight volumes of political science and the works of Montesquieu.

The question of Dubuque's marital status continues to be unresolved. In personal letters, Dubuque referred to a "Madam Dubuque." He is believed to have married [[POTOSA]], the daughter of Chief [[PEOSTA]]. The fact that no mention of a wife was made during the settling of his estate has been used to suggest a wife, if one existed, was a Native American who may have simply gone back to her tribe. In his Dubuque biography, Klein mentions that "marriages" between French men and Indian women were often arranged ''selon la coutume de la pays'' meaning "according to the custom of the country." Primarily beneficial to the man, the relationship established a closer relationship with the tribe through teaching him the language and customs. Klein further mentions that [[HOFFMANN, Mathias M. Rt. Rev.|Mathias M. HOFFMANN, Rt. Rev.]] suggested, without providing evidence, that Dubuque married Pelagie, a daughter of Indian Agent John Campbell and his Indian wife. The suggestion that he married Josette Antaya, the youngest daughter of Pierre Antanya, the founder of Prairie du Chien is equally unsupported although it is interesting that in the Dubuque Estate Inventory she was listed as "dame" an indication that she was a married woman. (21) [[WILSON, Thomas S.|Thomas S. WILSON]] did not support with evidence his contention that Dubuque was a serial husband to Indian women, but "he never kept more than one at a time." (22)

More questionable than his marital status was whether he had any children. The very thin possibility was raised about his possible relationship to a Native American called [[ROLLING CLOUD]]. Robert Klein in his biography of Julien Dubuque states that Dubuque had "apparently taken responsibility for a young girl as a ward. Marquerite Dubois, born in 1793, was the daughter of Verdin dit Dubois and Citerne, a Dakota Sioux woman. Her father was killed by natives and a brother died in the [[WAR OF 1812]]. The year the daughter came to live with Dubuque is unknown, but she married Jean Joseph Rolette in Prairie du Chien in 1807 at the age of 14. (23)

[[Image:IMG_4072.jpg|left|thumb|350px|Bundles of furs were identified by a tag carrying a seal of the owner. This is a bundle seal used Julien Dubuque. Note the similarity of the seal with the manner in which Dubuque wrote his name.]]In the last years of his life, Dubuque often suffered from severe illness. Twice his death was reported by Native Americans. It is believed he died of pneumonia. On the day of his funeral, legends state that a sorrowful procession carried his body to his grave. Celebrated chiefs were said to have argued for the honor of carrying his remains. All of this, of course, was verbally reported including the story that a lamp was kept burning on his grave for many years. It is known that fifteen years after his death, a cedar cross was placed on the site by some French-Canadians.

Upon his death, Dubuque was buried by his Native American friends on a bluff high above [[CATFISH CREEK]] overlooking the Mississippi River. His grave was covered with a wooden and stone shelter complete with a gable roof and open window through which Native Americans believed the soul of the departed could leave. A large cedar cross carried the inscription, "Julien Dubuque, miner of the Mines of Spain, died March 24, 1810, aged forty-five years and six months." This date, however, conflicts with the baptismal register in Canada which dates his birth as January 10, 1762 instead of September 24, 1764 as the inscription would indicate. (24)

It was reported in an article published in 1945 that [[LANGWORTHY, James|James LANGWORTHY]] discovered the body when he returned to this area in 1833. According to the report, Langworthy found the body in a cabin near the river with a "pipe thrust between his teeth and his body adorned and surrounded by the various implements after the usual manner of Indian burials. (25) At the apex of the cabin was a wooden cross made by white friends. The stone building was still intact in 1845.

In 1967 a document in Julien Dubuque's handwriting was added to the rare volume and documents collection in the Wahlert Library at [[LORAS COLLEGE]]. The note read:

I, Julien Dubuque, recognizing owing to Messers. Faither (H or et)
Bre' Brisebois and Coponier the sum of 6288.15 pounds (Sols) in
money or pelts payable to Makinas guaranteeing that next August the
pelts will be there totaling before their departure from this post.
Done in good faith at Prairie du Chien the 30th of October, 1809.
Julien Dubuque

A recurrent question has been whether Dubuque left a will. In 1891 a relative in France wrote the following letter to Iowa Governor Boies:

Paris, June 25, 1891

Monsieur Le Gouverneur: I have the honor to beg you to
have the goodness to let me know if my grand-uncle
Monsieur Jean Pierre Dubuque, who has founded the city
of Dubuque, where he managed [the] County Bank, has
left a will or any other document in favor of his family.
I should wish to know what attorney or what magistrate
fixed his last affairs and what would be about the fortune
he left.

M. Dubuque was born in Amance, Upper Saone, France, and it
would seem that one of his nephews, Gabriel Dubuque [a]
French priest, went to join him and assisted him in his
last moments.

Not knowing anything further I cannot give you any more
details. This is the reason why I would be very grateful
if you would honor me with an answer that could give me
all the information that I take the liberty of asking from
you. In expecting it I beg of you, Monsieur Gouverneur,
to receive my most respectful salutations.
Germain Denis
True Francois Henry, an pre St. Gervais, Sein
To M, le Gouverneur de l'Etat d'Iowa (Etats Unis)

Although there was an inventory of Dubuque's property in his home, there was no mention of a will.

For many years it was believed that Julien Dubuque was the first white settler in the future state of Iowa. In 1929 documentary proof that this was probably not the case was announced by Edgar R. Harlan, curator of the State Historical Society of Iowa. According to records, Basil Giard, the man Dubuque later rescued, arrived several years before Dubuque. (26)

[[Image:dubuque2.jpg|left|thumb|250px|Photo courtesy: National Mississippi River Museum and Aquarium]]
[[Image:dubuque.jpg|left|thumb|250px|Photo courtesy: National Mississippi River Museum and Aquarium]]The physical appearance of Julien Dubuque has continued to intrigue historians. In 2012, members of the [[DUBUQUE COUNTY HISTORICAL SOCIETY]] and curators at the National Mississippi River Museum asked forensic artist Karen T. Taylor to create a facial reconstruction based on the skull of Julien Dubuque. (27) In the late 1800s, excellent photographs were made of Dubuque's skull prior to reburial. Although Dubuque's actual skull now lies buried under many feet of concrete, Taylor was able to use the multiple 1887 photographs, along with historic and anthropological inputs to create a reasonable depiction of his appearance in life. The facial reconstruction images are on display the National Mississippi River Museum and Aquarium.

[[File:earlysettler.jpg|300px|thumb|left|Although Julien Dubuque's likeness has held little commercial value, this c. 1917 Early Settler Cigar box provides an exception.]]

The spelling of Dubuque was settled in 1950 with the visit of Guy Francois Dubuc, a great, great, grand nephew of Julien. Rt. Rev. Mathias M. Hoffmann, a respected historian, stated that Dubuque was a common spelling in Canada. The name could have been spelled Dubuque, DuBuque, or Dubuc. Guy Dubuc brought with him a copy of the church register from St. Pierre les Becquets, Julien Dubuque's birthplace. The community is located on the St. Lawrence River about one hundred miles northeast of Montreal. The document, signed by J. Hingan, read:

On January 10, 1762, was baptized by our
priest of St. Pierre, Julien Dubuc, born
today of the legal marriage of Augustin
and Marie Mailhot. Witnesses were Amant
Guilhaut and and Marie Angelique Tessier
who have signed that they do not know how
to sign their names. (28)

See: [[LA PETITE NUIT]]

---

Source:

1. Brigham, Johnson, "Julien Dubuque", '''Iowa--Its History and Its Foremost Citizens''' Chicago: The S. J. Clarke Publishing Company, 1918, Online: http://iagenweb.org/history/IHFC/IHFCBk1Pt1Chp1-2Bio.htm

2. Hudson, David; Bergman, Marvin; Horton, Loren. '''The Biographical Dictionary of Iowa'''. Iowa City: University of Iowa Press, 2008, p. 139

3. Klein, Robert F., '''Julien Dubuque--Portrait of a Pioneer''', Dubuque, IA, Loras College Press, 2021, p. 15

4. Hogstrom, Erik, "The Indigenous Years," ''Telegraph Herald'', August 29, 2021, p. 1A

5. Hudson, p. 139

6. Houlette, William. '''Iowa: The Pioneer Heritage'''. Des Moines: Wallace-Homestead Book Company, 1970, p. 206

7. Brigham

8. "The City of Dubuque," ''Southern Sentinel'', October 10, 1849, p. 1. Online: http://chroniclingamerica.loc.gov/lccn/sn88064476/1849-10-10/ed-1/seq-1/#date1=1849&index=0&rows=20&words=Dubuque&searchType=basic&sequence=0&state=&date2=1849&proxtext=dubuque&y=10&x=8&dateFilterType=yearRange&page=1

9. Hudson, p. 139

10. Brigham

11. Hudson, p. 139

12. Klein, p. 51

13. "Julien Dubuque Rescued Trapper," ''Telegraph Herald'', Feb. 2, 1927, p. 5. Online: http://news.google.com/newspapers?id=pXFFAAAAIBAJ&sjid=mbwMAAAAIBAJ&pg=5167,34772&dq=julien+dubuque&hl=en

14. Klein, p. 13

15. Moeller, Hubert L. "Dubuque, Iowa's First Landowner," ''The Des Moines Register'', Sept. 18, 1933

16. "Major Zebulon Pike Tries to Interview Julien Dubuque, 1805," http://www.wisconsinhistory.org/turningpoints/search.asp?id=906

[[Image:mmap.png|left|thumb|350px|Map Maker: Phillippe Marie Vandermaelen, Brussels, 1825, hand colored. Along the green line (Mississippi River) below the red line and near the yellow line an be seen "Maison de Msr. Dubuque's which translates: House of Mr. Dubuque. Photo Courtesy: Barry Rudeman/Barry Lawrence Rudenman Antique Maps Inc. 7463 Girard Avenue, LaJolla, CA http://www.RareMaps.com and a local contributor]]13. Houlette, William. '''Iowa: The Pioneer Heritage''', Des Moines: Wallace-Homestead Book Company, 1970, p. 207

17. Evans, Mary Ellen. "Under Five Flags: Julien Dubuque, Miner of the Mines of Spain," ''Telegraph Herald'', May 27, 1938, p. 14. Online: http://news.google.com/newspapers?id=WfhBAAAAIBAJ&sjid=SqoMAAAAIBAJ&pg=4819,3120828&dq=mining+dubuque&hl=en

18. Ibid.

19. "New 'Heirs' to Julien Dubuque Fortune Appear," ''Telegraph Herald and Times Journal'', Feb. 19, 1935, p. 12. Online: http://news.google.com/newspapers?id=MdZBAAAAIBAJ&sjid=9KkMAAAAIBAJ&pg=6237,2114839&dq=julien+dubuque&hl=en

20. "Deed of Dubuque," ''The Dubuque Daily Herald, ''October 17, 1897, p. 5 (Courtesy of the ''Telegraph Herald'', William Hammel, Paul Hemmer, and Darryl Mozena)

21. Klein, p. 75-76

22. Ibid., p. 77

23. Ibid. p. 154

24. Brigham, Johnson, Iowa--Its History and Its Foremost Citizens Vol. 1-2, Chicago, IL and Des Moines, IA, Clark Publishing Company, 1918, p. 26. Online: https://www.ancestry.com/imageviewer/collections/8596/images/8596-Volume1-0024?treeid=&personid=&usePUB=true&_phsrc=LFI472&_phstart=successSource&pId=24&rcstate=8596-Volume1-0024%3A1693%2C3043%2C1782%2C3081%3B1985%2C3044%2C2054%2C3085%3B968%2C466%2C1098%2C507%3B990%2C785%2C1070%2C816%3B1413%2C1896%2C1491%2C1929%3B1082%2C1941%2C1161%2C1973%3B2128%2C2034%2C2239%2C2071%3B2257%2C2034%2C2354%2C2070%3B2285%2C2167%2C2365%2C2204%3B1544%2C3044%2C1631%2C3077

25. Bourbeau, Bud. "Body Interred in Bluff in Tribal Dignity, Honor," ''Telegraph Herald'', August 16, 1958, p. 28

26. "Claim Julien Dubuque Wasn't First White Settler in Iowa," ''Telegraph Herald and Times Journal'', Mar. 24, 1929, p. 29. Online: http://news.google.com/newspapers?id=44lFAAAAIBAJ&sjid=sbwMAAAAIBAJ&pg=5535,6884750&dq=julien+dubuque&hl=en

27. Taylor, Karen T. "Historical Reconstruction: Julien Dubuque" https://www.karenttaylor.com/portfolio-details/facial-reconstruction-of-julien-dubuque-for-the-national-mississippi-river-museum

28. "Dubuc Visits Dubuque of His Kinsman Julien," ''Telegraph Herald'', March 23, 1950, p. 1. Online: https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=aEyKTaVlRPYC&dat=19500323&printsec=frontpage&hl=en

[[Category: Explorer]]
[[Category: Miner]]
[[Category: Map]]
[[Category: Ancestry]]

Category:Grotto

2026-06-04T04:06:36Z

Randylyon:

GROTTO. According to ''Merriam-Webster'', the term grotto dates to 1617. The term comes from the Italian grotta, grotto "cave," from Latin crypta "cavern. It is generally considered to be an artificial opening built to resemble the opening of a cave. The encyclopedia includes references including:

Category:Grotto

2026-06-04T04:06:13Z

Randylyon: Created page with "GROTTO. According to Merriam-Webster, the term grotto dates to 1617. The term comes from the Italian grotta, grotto "cave," from Latin crypta "cavern. It is generally considered to be an artificial opening built to resemble the opening of a cave. The encyclopedia includes references including:"

GROTTO. According to Merriam-Webster, the term grotto dates to 1617. The term comes from the Italian grotta, grotto "cave," from Latin crypta "cavern. It is generally considered to be an artificial opening built to resemble the opening of a cave. The encyclopedia includes references including: